Association between glycemic control and the level of knowledge and disease awareness in type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract

INTROduCTION According to the World Health Organization, the number of diabetic patients will increase from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in the first quarter of the 21st century. In Turkey, 5.2% of the population in 1995 had diabetes and it is estimated that this proportion will have reached 7.2% by 2025. 1 It is known that diabetes increases the risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, leg amputation, and early death. 2,3 Scientific evidence shows that diabetes-related complications may be prevented if a good metabolic control is achieved. 4,5 To achieve good metabolic control, it is important not only to measure glycated hemo globin (HbA 1c) levels regularly, but also to educate patients on diabetes. Sufficient knowledge can be acquired in diabetes education programs, 6-8 which not only develop patients' awareness and understanding of the disease and strengthen motivation and self-care, but also reduce the economic costs of diabetes treatment by preventing complications. 8 Despite clear evidence on the benefits of tight glycemic control in diabetics, 4,5 many patients are not able to reach an optimal glycemic target and thus fail to significantly reduce a long-term cardiovascular risk. 9,10 Moreover, it has been shown that inadequate knowledge about diabetes

Comparison of clinical and radiographic status of platform‐switched implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 24‐month follow‐up longitudinal study

“…Venous blood samples were drawn in the morning, and HbA1c levels were determined using the high‐performance liquid chromatography method (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Inc., D‐10 ™ , Hemoglobin Systems, Hercules, CA, USA) (Ozcelik et al. ).…”

Comparison of clinical and radiographic status around dental implants placed in patients with and without prediabetes: 1‐year follow‐up outcomes

“…Venous blood samples were drawn in the morning, and HbA1c levels were determined using the high‐performance liquid chromatography method (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Inc., D‐10™; Hemoglobin Systems, Hercules, CA, USA) (Ozcelik et al. ). Individuals with HbA1c levels ranging between 5.7–6.4% and 4–5.5% were categorized as prediabetic individuals and controls, respectively (American Diabetes Association ,b).…”

Efek Konseling Menggunakan Brief Counseling 5A Modifikasi Disertai Pesan Motivasional Farmasis dalam Peningkatan Perilaku dan Outcome Klinik Pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan Hipertensi Rawat Jalan di RSUD Panembahan Senopati, Bantul

“…Faktor tersebut antara lain seperti rendahnya pengetahuan pasien mengenai manajemen DM, rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan terapi, dan modifikasi lifestyle. [4][5][6] Edukasi pasien merupakan salah satu cara yang efektif dalam peningkatan kepatuhan terapi dan manajemen diabetes. 7,8 Chow et al (2015) dalam hasil penelitiannya menyebutkan, intervensi farmasis dalam bentuk pemberian edukasi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku kepatuhan pasien DM.…”