Association Between Gender-Affirming Hair Removal and Mental Health Outcomes

Lee, Michelle S.; Almazan, Anthony N.; Nambudiri, Vinod E.; Keuroghlian, Alex S.

doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2551

Cited by 7 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In states with coverage for some but not all gender-affirming surgical procedures, state and federal government funding is necessary to allow Medicaid to cover the increased cost of expanding coverage for procedures, such as facial gender surgery. Investments made in this regard could lead to greater economic growth and productivity due to the impact on a TGD person’s ability to avert physical and psychological trauma, secure employment, and improve overall mental health 20,21 . Expanding Medicaid coverage in these ways is critical to ensuring timely access to gender-affirming surgical procedures across the nation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investments made in this regard could lead to greater economic growth and productivity due to the impact on a TGD person's ability to avert physical and psychological trauma, secure employment, and improve overall mental health. 20,21 Expanding Medicaid coverage in these ways is critical to ensuring timely access to gender-affirming surgical procedures across the nation. For those without the means to migrate to another state, which likely applies to many Medicaid patients who are already low-income, lack of coverage within their home state may mean a complete inability to access this essential care that their wealthier counterparts may be able to have.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in Medicaid Coverage for Gender-affirming Surgeries Across U.S. States

Minasian

et al. 2023

Annals of Surgery

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Objective: We sought to describe the current Medicaid coverage landscape for gender-affirming surgery across the U.S. at the procedure level and identify factors associated with coverage. Summary Background Data: Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery differs by state, despite a federal ban on gender identity-based discrimination in health insurance. States that cover gender-affirming surgery also differ in which procedures are included in Medicaid coverage, leading to confusion among patients and clinicians. Methods: State Medicaid policies in 2021 for gender-affirming surgery were queried for each of the 50 states, and District of Columbia (D.C.). State partisanship, state-level Medicaid protections, and coverage of gender-affirming procedures in 2021 were recorded. Linear correlation between electorate partisanship and total procedures covered was assessed. Pairwise t-tests were used to compare coverage based on state partisanship and presence of absence of state-level Medicaid protections. Results: Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery was covered in 30 states and Washington D.C. The most commonly covered procedures were genital surgeries and mastectomy (n=31), followed by breast augmentation (n=21), facial feminization (n=12), and voice modification surgery (n=4). More procedures were covered in Democrat-controlled or leaning states, as well as in states with explicit protections for gender-affirming care in Medicaid coverage. Conclusion: Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery is patchwork across the United States and is especially poor for facial and voice surgeries. Our study provides a convenient reference for patients and surgeons detailing which gender-affirming surgical procedures are covered by Medicaid within each state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Medicaid Coverage for Gender-affirming Surgeries Across U.S. States

Minasian

et al. 2023

Annals of Surgery

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“…Gender affirming hormone therapies have also led to an increase in body image and self-esteem ( 87 ). Similarly, hair removal procedures (desired by nearly 90% of transgender people) were associated with significant mental health benefits ( 88 , 89 ).…”

Section: Medical Care For Transgender Pain Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review

Anger,

Case,

Baranowski

et al. 2024

Front. Pain Res.

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Specific AimProvide an overview of the literature addressing major areas pertinent to pain in transgender persons and to identify areas of primary relevance for future research.MethodsA team of scholars that have previously published on different areas of related research met periodically though zoom conferencing between April 2021 and February 2023 to discuss relevant literature with the goal of providing an overview on the incidence, phenotype, and mechanisms of pain in transgender patients. Review sections were written after gathering information from systematic literature searches of published or publicly available electronic literature to be compiled for publication as part of a topical series on gender and pain in the Frontiers in Pain Research.ResultsWhile transgender individuals represent a significant and increasingly visible component of the population, many researchers and clinicians are not well informed about the diversity in gender identity, physiology, hormonal status, and gender-affirming medical procedures utilized by transgender and other gender diverse patients. Transgender and cisgender people present with many of the same medical concerns, but research and treatment of these medical needs must reflect an appreciation of how differences in sex, gender, gender-affirming medical procedures, and minoritized status impact pain.ConclusionsWhile significant advances have occurred in our appreciation of pain, the review indicates the need to support more targeted research on treatment and prevention of pain in transgender individuals. This is particularly relevant both for gender-affirming medical interventions and related medical care. Of particular importance is the need for large long-term follow-up studies to ascertain best practices for such procedures. A multi-disciplinary approach with personalized interventions is of particular importance to move forward.

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“…61 Gender-affirming hair removal may be associated with improved mental health outcomes and well-being. 62,63 Twice daily application of topical eflornithine may reduce facial hair although is no longer sold commercially in Australia and must be privately compounded. 64 Longer-lasting hair removal techniques such as laser depilation or electrolysis may obviate the need for frequent shaving, waxing or chemical depilation.…”

Section: Persistent Hirsutismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A survey demonstrated that 85% of transwomen desired hair removal, with 94% indicating the face as the indicated site of excess hair 61 . Gender‐affirming hair removal may be associated with improved mental health outcomes and well‐being 62,63 . Twice daily application of topical eflornithine may reduce facial hair although is no longer sold commercially in Australia and must be privately compounded 64 .…”

Section: Dermatological Considerations In Oestrogen and Antiandrogen ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatological considerations for transgender and gender diverse patients: An Australian perspective

Gu,

Tang,

Cheung

et al. 2023

Aust J Dermatology

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Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals are a group that experiences significant health disparities. In the multidisciplinary management of TGD patients, dermatologists may participate in managing skin‐ and hair‐related issues which contribute to gender affirmation and to the cutaneous sequelae of gender‐affirming hormone therapy. This review aims to highlight the unique needs of TGD patients, particularly from the perspective of Australian dermatologists. We review appropriate terminology critical for TGD care, gender affirmation in the Australian healthcare landscape, dermatological considerations for TGD patients and considerations for management.

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Association Between Gender-Affirming Hair Removal and Mental Health Outcomes

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Variability in Medicaid Coverage for Gender-affirming Surgeries Across U.S. States

Variability in Medicaid Coverage for Gender-affirming Surgeries Across U.S. States

Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review

Dermatological considerations for transgender and gender diverse patients: An Australian perspective

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