Association between fibromyalgia syndrome and peptic ulcer disease development

Abstract

PurposeThe correlation of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is unclear. We therefore conducted a cohort study to investigate whether FMS is correlated with an increased risk of PUD.MethodsIn this study, we established an FMS cohort comprising 26068 patients aged more than 20 years who were diagnosed with FMS from 2000 to 2011. Furthermore, we established a control cohort by randomly choosing 104269 people without FMS who were matched to the FMS patients by gender, age, and index year. All patients were free of PUD at the baseline. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to compute the hazard ratio of PUD after adjustment for demographic characteristics and comorbidities.ResultsThe prevalence of comorbidities was significantly higher in the FMS patients than in the controls. The incidence of PUD was 29.8 and 19.4 per 1000 person-years in the FMS and control cohorts, respectively. In addition, the FMS cohort exhibited a 1.40-fold higher risk of PUD (95% confidence interval = 1.35–1.45) compared with the control cohort. After control for confounding factors, the medications (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and antidepressants) taken by the FMS patients did not increase the risk of PUD.ConclusionFMS patients exhibit a higher risk of PUD than that of patients without FMS.

Insomnia Increases Symptom Severity and Health Care Utilization in Patients With Fibromyalgia

“…The reason why our finding is inconsistent with others’ might be that we used clinical diagnostic criteria whereas others used questionnaires such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score or the Beck Depression Inventory to identify depression. The observed incidence of depression in our study was also lower than those reported by other studies in Taiwan, which the prevalence of depression ranged from 3.35% to 6.0%33–35 in FM patients and ranged from 1.05% to 2.27% in the general population 36. The reason might be that we did not include dysthymia (ICD-9-CM 300.4) (Appendix 1, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/CJP/A585) whereas those studies included dysthymia as a diagnostic code to identify depression.…”

Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study

“…Many medical conditions are more common in people with migraine compared to the general population [33]. There is a small body of literature examining rates of single medical conditions among people with and without migraine, and over the past decade, a growing body of literature has emerged examining the effect of headache day frequency on rates of migraine comorbidities and the effects of selected comorbidities on headache progression [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, the cohort with migraine was about three times more likely to report a medical diagnosis of insomnia, depression, anxiety, and gastric ulcer/GI bleeding.…”

“…Furthermore, several studies have reported that rates of comorbidities increase by headache day frequency among people with migraine comparing people with EM and CM and/or stratifying by low, moderate and high frequency EM [26,30,31,[37][38][39][40][41]. The existence of the comorbidities that we found with migraine are in general alignment with data reported in the scientific literature, although rates (whether odds ratios or percentages) vary by condition and by study, likely due in some part to methodological and measurement issues as well as differences in the subjects studied.…”

“…Prior work has also found that rates of some comorbid health problems increased with headache day frequency among people with migraine. This effect was seen in comparisons of people with EM and CM and when stratifying by low, moderate and high MHD frequency in those with EM [26,30,31,[37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…Comorbidity is the greater than chance association between the two conditions in the same individual [2]. There are many comorbidities associated with migraine including cardiovascular disorders (i.e., stroke, myocardial infarction [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], psychiatric disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, panic disorder, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, suicide attempts) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], neurologic diseases (i.e., epilepsy), sleep conditions (i.e., insomnia, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea, poor sleep quality and duration) [22][23][24], inflammatory conditions (i.e., allergic rhinitis, asthma) [25,26] as well as chronic pain conditions (i.e., fibromyalgia) [27], among many others [28]. Many comorbidities have been identified as risk factors for progression to chronic migraine [29] and recent work has shown that the combination of comorbidities or "multimorbidity" is associated with medication overuse and new onset CM [30,31].…”