Association between exposure to a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene (BTEXS) and small airways function: A cross-sectional study

Liao, Qilong; Du, Rui; Ma, Rui; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Zhaorui; Ji, Penglei; Xiao, Minghui; Cui, Ying; Xing, Xiumei; Liu, Huan; Dang, Shanfeng; Deng, Qifei; Xiao, Yongmei

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113488

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Further, EC refills and aerosols contain volatile organic chemical compounds like benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene (BTXS) (Schober et al 2014 ), albeit at substantially lower concentrations than in tobacco smoke (Margham et al 2016 ). Previous epidemiological studies found that individuals who are chronically exposed occupationally to BTXS (individuals or mixtures) exhibit a lower peak expiratory flow [PEF, litter per second (L/s)] and 25–75% of forced expiratory flow (FEF25∼75%, L/s) (Liao et al 2022 ). In addition, occupational exposure to BTXS was linked to risks of prostate (Blanc-Lapierre, Sauvé, and Parent 2018 ) and lung cancer (Warden et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review

Effah¹,

Taiwo

Baines

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are purported to be tobacco harm-reduction products whose degree of harm has been highly debated. EC use is considered less hazardous than smoking but is not expected to be harmless. Following the banning of e-liquid flavors in countries such as the US, Finland, Ukraine, and Hungary, there are growing concerns regarding the safety profile of e-liquid flavors used in ECs. While these are employed extensively in the food industry and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) when ingested, GRAS status after inhalation is unclear. The aim of this review was to assess evidence from 38 reports on the adverse effects of flavored e-liquids on the respiratory system in both in vitro and in vivo studies published between 2006 and 2021. Data collected demonstrated greater detrimental effects in vitro with cinnamon (9 articles), strawberry (5 articles), and menthol (10 articles), flavors than other flavors. The most reported effects among these investigations were perturbations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and enhanced cytotoxicity. There is sufficient evidence to support the toxicological impacts of diacetyl- and cinnamaldehyde-containing e-liquids following human inhalation; however, safety profiles on other flavors are elusive. The latter may result from inconsistencies between experimental approaches and uncertainties due to the contributions from other e-liquid constituents. Further, the relevance of the concentration ranges to human exposure levels is uncertain. Evidence indicates that an adequately controlled and consistent, systematic toxicological investigation of a broad spectrum of e-liquid flavors may be required at biologically relevant concentrations to better inform public health authorities on the risk assessment following exposure to EC flavor ingredients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review

Effah¹,

Taiwo

Baines

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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“…En investigaciones en el 2022, se determinó que la exposición de mezcla de benceno, tolueno, etilbenceno, xileno y estireno disminuye la función de las vías respiratorias pequeñas [14].…”

Section: Resultados De Bencenounclassified

Prevention of Health Risks to Personnel Due to Exposure to Chemical Contaminants Produced by Asphalt in the Joint Sealing Process

Almirón Baca,

Acevedo-Obando,

Quispe-Chilo

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 21th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI 2023): “Leaders

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Two tests (pre and posttest) were carried out to monitor chemical agents such as inhalable dust, benzene, and gases (SO2, CO2, CO and O2), derived from asphalt in the process of sealing joints. The results of the investigation show the decrease in particulate matter (inhalable dust) from 0.67% to 0.007% in the inhalable dust posttest.While the values for benzene were of a concentration of 0.000071ppm and 0.0000352ppm for both pre and posttest, being values below 0.000227ppm.Finally, the concentration of gases present in the work environment of the preparation of the asphalt mixture, a decrease in SO2 concentration was found from 123.75% to 21.25% in the post test, for CO it had a decrease of 296% at 100% in the post test, that is, the maximum permissible limit was reached, while for CO2 it decreased from 20.5% to 3.5% in the post test, and finally for O2 the values remained at 20%.

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“…BTEX and cyclohexanone are ubiquitous gaseous pollutants in the environment and are linked to various diseases. 40,41 Therefore, developing a rapid detection strategy for BTEX and cyclohexanone is needed. Four typical volatile compounds (toluene, cyclohexanone, styrene, and ethylbenzene) were used as research objects.…”

Section: Qualitative Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%