Association between Estrogen Receptor α Gene (ESR1) PvuII (C/T) and XbaI (A/G) Polymorphisms and Hip Fracture Risk: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background and ObjectiveGenetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of fractures. Notably, estrogen receptor α (ESR1) has been suggested as a possible candidate gene for hip fractures; however, published studies of ESR1 gene polymorphisms have been hampered by small sample sizes and inconclusive or ambiguous results. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the associations between two novel common ESR1 polymorphisms (intron 1 polymorphisms PvuII-rs2234693: C>T and XbaI-rs9340799: A>G) and hip fracture.MethodsCrude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of the association.ResultsFive case-control and three cohort studies were assessed, including a total of 1,838 hip fracture cases and 14,972 healthy controls. This meta-analysis revealed that the PvuII T allele is a highly significant risk factor for hip fracture susceptibility, with an effect magnitude similar in male and pre-menopausal and post-menopausal female patients. In stratified analysis based on ethnicity, the PvuII T allele remained significantly correlated with increased risk of hip fracture in Caucasian populations; this correlation, however, was not found in Asian populations. Unlike the PvuII polymorphism, we did not find significant differences in the XbaI (A>G) polymorphism allele or genotype distributions of hip fracture patients and controls. We also found no obvious association between the XbaI polymorphism and hip fracture in any of the racial or gender subgroups.ConclusionOur findings show that the ESR1 PvuII T allele may increase the risk of hip fracture and that the XbaI polymorphism is not associated with hip fracture.

Conditions in Home and Transplant Soils Have Differential Effects on the Performance of Diploid and Allotetraploid Anthericum Species

“…The species are able to produce triploid hybrids, and triploid populations are known from Scandinavia [ 37 ]. However, the existence of triploids in nature in the study region, the Czech Republic, has not been confirmed ([ 23 , 38 ]). The distribution of both species in Europe covers an area from Spain across France and central Europe to the Balkans and Ukraine.…”

“…These processes are commonly used as explanations of the fact that diploids typically occupy narrower ranges and fewer habitat types than polyploids ([ 12 ], [ 14 ], [ 22 ]). However, in a previous study dealing with two congeneric species, the allotetraploid Anthericum liliago and the diploid Anthericum ramosum , we Černá and Münzbergová [ 23 ] have shown that the diploid species occupies a wider range of environments in the study region than the closely related allotetraploid species. This pattern could, in fact, suggest that the diploid species has a greater ability to adapt to different environmental conditions than the tetraploid species.…”

“…In our previous field study [ 23 ], we compared the full life cycle of the two species in their natural habitats. The results suggested that the population dynamics between the two species are more similar when they occur in the same environmental conditions than between populations of the same species occurring in different environment types.…”

Association of ESR1 polymorphism rs2234693 and rs9340799 with Postmenopausal osteoporosis in a Chinese Population

“…Mondockova et al had reported that the rs9340799 was significantly associated with BMD at the femoral neck [17], whereas, another study by tanriover et al had showed that no relationship of the two genes with PMO [18]. In addition, another study by Tang et al in a meta-analysis showed that the ESR1 rs2234693 T allele may increase the risk of hip fracture, but the rs9340799 polymorphism was not associated with hip fracture [19]. Thus, to draw a more precise association of ESR1 polymorphism rs2234693 and rs9340799 with the risk of PMO, we sought to assess the impact of ESR1 polymorphism with POM and determine a possible association in postmenopausal Chinese women in a case-control study.…”

Vaccination Method Affects Immune Response and Bacterial Growth but Not Protection in the Salmonella Typhimurium Animal Model of Typhoid

“…Different routes of vaccine administration may result in differing stimulation of the immune system [15,16]. The consequences of any variation in immune response, not only on protection of the individual, but also on how this alters population dynamics such as transmission potential is important to understand in order to develop the most effective vaccine strategies.…”