Association Between Environmental Factors and Asthma Using Mendelian Randomization: Increased Effect of Body Mass Index on Adult-Onset Moderate-to-Severe Asthma Subtypes

Ha, Tae-Woong; Jung, Hae-Un; Kim, Dong Jun; Baek, Eun Ju; Lee, Wonjun; Lim, Ji Eun; Kim, Han-Kyul; Kang, Ji‐One; Oh, Bermseok

doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.639905

“…The effectiveness of the IVW method in finding causal effects is higher than that of weighted median method and MR-Egger analysis [ 28 ]. However, due to the strong assumptions that the IVW method relies on, the type I error rate of causal effect estimation and the bias of the estimated value of causal effect are caused by the IVW method [ 29 ]. The MR-Egger method is greatly affected by the inside hypothesis [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Omega‐3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Lung Cancer

Liu

¹

,

Peng

²

,

Tao

³

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid intake exerts a protective effect on lung cancer, but its causal association with risk of lung cancer remains uncertain. This study attempts to clarify the causal effect of omega-3 fatty acids on lung cancer utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods. This study acquired omega-3 fatty acid data from the UK Biobank and data of lung cancer patients from the Consortium and International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with omega-3 fatty acids were screened as instrumental variables (IVs) in line with the criteria of p < 5 E − 8 , linkage disequilibrium R 2 > 0.001 and distance < 10000 kb. Through inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, causal association between omega-3 fatty acids and risk of lung cancer was evaluated. Cochran’s Q test was applied for a heterogeneity test. The pleiotropy and horizontal pleiotropy among IVs were evaluated via MR-Egger regression intercept analysis. Results. Totally, 42 SNPs associated with omega-3 fatty acids were identified as IVs. According to the results of IVW (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990), p = 0.03 ), MR-Egger (OR (95% CI): 0.856 (0.750, 0.977), p = 0.026 ), weighted median (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990), p = 0.001 ), simple mode (OR (95% CI): 0.901 (-0.678, 1.199), p = 0.478 ), and weighted mode (OR (95% CI): 0.859 (0.782, 0.944), p = 0.003 ), omega-3 fatty acids showed a causal association with low risk of lung cancer. No genetic pleiotropy or horizontal pleiotropy was found according to MR-Egger regression intercept analysis. Conclusion. Our findings provide sufficient evidence that omega-3 fatty acids are causal protective factors of lung cancer. Despite this, further work is required for elucidating the potential mechanisms.

show abstract

“…Third, UPF consumption may increase exposure to chemicals used in packaging and production and many non-natural ingredients and additives such as flavours, colours, emulsifiers, and other cosmetic additives, which could lead to adverse health outcomes [ 39 , 40 ]. Fourth, a higher proportion of UPF consumption denoted a lower proportion of fresh vegetables, fruits, and essential micronutrients, which plays key roles in supporting the human immune system and reducing the risk of infections [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ultra-processed food intake on the risk of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

Zhou

¹

,

Li

²

,

Zhang

³

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Nutrition plays a key role in supporting the human immune system and reducing the risk of infections. However, there is limited evidence exploring the relationship between diet and the risk of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and COVID-19 risk. Methods In total, 41,012 participants from the UK Biobank study with at least 2 of up to 5 times 24-h dietary assessments were included in this study. Dietary intakes were collected using an online 24-h dietary recall questionnaire and food items were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. COVID-19 infection was defined as individuals tested COVID-19 positive or dead of COVID-19. Association between average UPF consumption (% daily gram intake) and COVID-19 infection was assessed by multivariable logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Results Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of UPF proportion (% daily gram intake) in the diet, participants in the 2nd, 3rd, and highest quartiles were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 with the odds ratio (OR) value of 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94–1.13), 1.24 (95% CI: 1.13–1.36), and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12–1.34), respectively ( P for trend < 0.001), after adjusting for potential confounders. The results were robust in a series of sensitivity analyses. No interaction effect was identified between the UPF proportions and age groups, education level, body mass index, and comorbidity status. BMI mediated 13.2% of this association. Conclusion Higher consumption of UPF was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms in such association. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02982-0.

show abstract

“…Eight studies were conducted in adults and three in children. Ten out of the 12 studies showed a causal association between genetically higher BMI and increased risk of asthma 15–18,20–25 . The pooled risk ratio (RR) for asthma for 1 kg/m 2 increment in BMI was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03–1.07) (Figure 2, Supplementary Figure 2), with overall evidence graded of high certainty (Supplementary Table 3).…”

Section: Causal Risk Factors For Asthma and Respiratory Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a case in Granell et al, 13 the sample size was small with only 5364 participants and there were no information on MR method or sensitivity analyses. The highest scores were awarded to wellpowered and -designed studies such as the studies from Ha et al, Shen et al, and Au Yeung et al [14][15][16]…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal risk factors for asthma in Mendelian randomization studies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Mikkelsen

¹

,

Landt

²

,

Benn

³

et al. 2022

Clinical & Translational All

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Several risk factors for asthma have been proposed; however, the causality of these associations is sometimes unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful epidemiological approach that can help elucidate the causality of risk factors. The aim of the present study was to identify causal risk factors for asthma through Mendelian Randomization studies. Methods A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted, to identify studies investigating risk factors for asthma or respiratory allergies through Mendelian Randomization. When two or more studies investigated the same risk factor a meta‐analysis was conducted. Of 239 studies initially identified, 41 were included. Results A causal association between adiposity and adult asthma risk was found in 10 out of 12 studies with a summary risk ratio of 1.05 per kg/m2 increase in BMI (95% CI: 1.03–1.07). Puberty timing (n = 3), alcohol (n = 2), and linoleic acid (n = 1) had causal effects on asthma risk, while vitamins/minerals (n = 6) showed no consistent effect on asthma. The effect of smoking on adult asthma conflicted between studies. Several of the significant associations of asthma with immune related proteins (n = 5) and depression (n = 2) investigated through multiple traits analyses could generally benefit from replications in independent datasets. Conclusion This systematic review and meta‐analysis found evidence for causal effects of adiposity, puberty timing, linoleic acid, alcohol, immune related proteins, and depression on risk of asthma.

show abstract

Association Between Environmental Factors and Asthma Using Mendelian Randomization: Increased Effect of Body Mass Index on Adult-Onset Moderate-to-Severe Asthma Subtypes

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

[Retracted] Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Omega‐3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Lung Cancer

[Retracted] Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Omega‐3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Lung Cancer

Impact of ultra-processed food intake on the risk of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

Causal risk factors for asthma in Mendelian randomization studies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About