Association between enteric protozoan parasites and gastrointestinal illness among HIV- and tuberculosis-infected individuals in the Chowke district, southern Mozambique

Irisarri-Gutiérrez, María José; Mingo, Marta Hernández-de; Lucio, Aida de; Gil, Horacio; Morales, Lucía; Seguí, Raimundo; Nacarapa, Edy; Muñoz-Antolí, Carla; Bornay-Llinares, Fernando J.; Esteban, J. Guillermo; Carmena, David

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.010

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The surveillance of E. histolytica is being carried out in many countries, reporting higher frequencies than the one we found in Mozambique, most of them primarily using microscopic techniques which cannot distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic (Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii), leading to over estimation of the true occurrence of E. histolytica [25][26][27]. In Mozambique, few studies reported E. histolytica using microscopy, only one of them included a molecular diagnostic approach and was unable to detect E. histolytica, only found E. dispar [10,28]. The study conducted in Manhiça-south region of Mozambique that used an ELISA technique to report E. histolytica infections, used an ELISA technique which reported a non-conclusive result, it reported infections by E. histolytica/E.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Intestinal protozoan infections among children 0-168 months with diarrhea in Mozambique: June 2014 - January 2018

et al. 2020

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Background Intestinal parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica can cause severe diarrhea, especially among children in developing countries. This study aims to determine the frequency of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica in children with diarrhea and identify risk factors for infection. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study in children aged 0-168 months hospitalized with diarrhea in three regions of Mozambique, from June 2014 to January 2018. Following consent, caretakers were interviewed and a single stool specimen was collected from each child to diagnose Cryptosporidium spp., G. lamblia and E. histolytica using commercial immuneenzymatic assay (TechLab, Inc, Blacksburg, VA, USA). Anthropometric data were collected from the clinical reports. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to identify risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. lamblia infection. Results Twenty-one percent of all specimens (212/1008) presented at least one parasitic infection. Cryptosporidium spp. infection was the most common 12.0% (118/985), followed by G. lamblia 9.7% (95/983) and E. histolytica 2.0% (20/1004). Risk factors for infection by Cryptosporidium spp. were: provenience (children from Nampula province showed the highest risk, OR: 8.176; CI: 1.916-34.894; p-value < 0.01); animal contact (children with animal contact PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Intestinal protozoan infections among children 0-168 months with diarrhea in Mozambique: June 2014 - January 2018

et al. 2020

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“…We found Cryptosporidium oocysts in 8.3% of the participants in our study, which corroborates the results obtained in Chokwe in southern Mozambique in an investigation of Cryptosporidium and other intestinal protozoans in 99 HIV- and/or tuberculosis-infected individuals of various ages. Here cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed by nested PCR in 8% (8/99) of the evaluated patients, whereas no cases of cystoisosporiasis were reported, although only 15% of the participants had diarrhoea ( Irisarri-Gutierrez et al., 2017 ). A similar prevalence in HIV-positive patients, 6% (8/201), was reported using a copro antigen test in a study focusing on HIV-positive and negative patients attending a health center in Maputo, while microscopy performed on all HIV-positive cases (371) revealed only one positive sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This study conducted in Mozambique has specifically addressed the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and C. belli in adult diarrhoeic patients, most of whom had a confirmed diagnosis of HIV. Cryptosporidiosis in childhood diarrhoea has been studied in different areas of Mozambique, but adult diarrheic patients have only been investigated to a limited extent in this country ( Cerveja et al., 2017 ; Irisarri-Gutierrez et al., 2017 ; Kotloff et al., 2012 ; Meurs et al., 2017 ; Nhampossa et al., 2015 ; Sow et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mozambique, the role of Cryptosporidium in childhood diarrhoea has been intensively studied, but the occurrence of this parasite in adult HIV patients with diarrhoea is less investigated ( Cerveja et al., 2017 ; Irisarri-Gutierrez et al., 2017 ; Kotloff et al., 2012 ; Nhampossa et al., 2015 ; Sow et al., 2016 ). Furthermore, data on Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in Mozambique are available for only a few isolates, which highlights the need for further research on this issue ( Irisarri-Gutierrez et al., 2017 ; Sow et al., 2016 ). Few studies of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Mozambique have involved C. belli , and local occurrence of this parasite has only been described twice; the first time in a case report concerning an AIDS patient with tuberculosis symptoms and watery diarrhoea and the second time in a HIV-negative patient originating from a health centre study ( Cerveja et al., 2017 ; Clavero et al., 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli among adult patients with diarrhoea in Maputo, Mozambique

Casmo

Lebbad

Maungate

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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Infections with Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli are important causes of diarrhoea in HIV patients. Nevertheless, information concerning these two parasites is scarce in many African countries, including Mozambique. In this study occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and C. belli was investigated by microscopy of stool specimens from 108 adult diarrhoeal patients, most with a confirmed HIV diagnosis. The Cryptosporidium isolates were further characterized by molecular methods.Cryptosporidium and C. belli oocysts were found in 8.3% (9/108), and 25.0% (27/108) of the study participants, respectively. Species identification was possible for all Cryptosporidium isolates with available DNA. The following Cryptosporidium species were detected (number of cases within parentheses): C. parvum (3), C. hominis (3), C. felis (1), and C. hominis/C. parvum (1). Subtyping targeting the gp60 gene revealed two C. hominis isolates with subtype IaA23R3, one C. parvum isolate with IIcA5G3d, and one with IIeA12G1.In summary the occurrence of C. hominis and anthroponotic subtypes of C. parvum indicates that the main route of Cryptosporidium transmission in the present study population was human to human (direct or via food and water). The high prevalence of C. belli highlights the need for early diagnosis of this parasite, for which a treatment exists.

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Risk associations for intestinal parasites in symptomatic and asymptomatic schoolchildren in central Mozambique

Muadica

Balasegaram

Beebeejaun

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Objectives: Chronic infections by enteric parasites including protist and helminthic species produce longterm sequelae on the health status of infected children. This study assesses potential associations linked with enteric parasite infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Zamb ezia province, Mozambique. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, stool samples and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and risk associations were collected from symptomatic children (n ¼ 286) from clinical settings and asymptomatic (n ¼ 807) children from 17 schools and creches aged 3-14 years. We detected enteric parasites using PCR-based methods. We calculated prevalence (adjusted for age, sex, house construction, drinking water, and latrine use) and odds ratios (ORs) for risk associations with logistic regression, after adjusting for district, neighbourhood and symptoms. Results: Numbers and adjusted prevalence (95% confidence intervals in parentheses) for the symptomatic and asymptomatic populations were Giardia duodenalis 120, 52% (22e82), 339, 42% (25e59); followed by Strongyloides stercoralis 52, 14% (9-20), 180, 20% (15e25). Risk associations for G. duodenalis included drinking untreated river/spring water, OR 2.91 (1.80e4.70); contact with ducks, OR 14.96 (2.93-76.31); dogs, OR 1.92 (1.04e3.52); cats, OR 1.73 (1.16e2.59), and a relative with diarrhoea, OR 2.59 (1.54-4.37). Risk associations for S. stercoralis included having no latrine, OR 2.41 (1.44e4.02); drinking well water, OR 1.82 (1.02e3.25), and increasing age, OR 1.11 (1.04e1.20). Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of intestinal parasites regardless of the children's symptoms. Drinking well or river water, domestic animals, and latrine absence were contributing factors of human infections.

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Association between enteric protozoan parasites and gastrointestinal illness among HIV- and tuberculosis-infected individuals in the Chowke district, southern Mozambique

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Intestinal protozoan infections among children 0-168 months with diarrhea in Mozambique: June 2014 - January 2018

Intestinal protozoan infections among children 0-168 months with diarrhea in Mozambique: June 2014 - January 2018

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli among adult patients with diarrhoea in Maputo, Mozambique

Risk associations for intestinal parasites in symptomatic and asymptomatic schoolchildren in central Mozambique

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