Association Between Empathy and Burnout Among Emergency Medicine Physicians

Wolfshohl, Jon; Bradley, Keegan; Bell, Charles; Bell, Sarah; Hodges, Caleb; Knowles, Heidi; Chaudhari, Bharti; Kirby, Ryan; Kline, Jeffrey A.; Wang, Hao

doi:10.14740/jocmr3878

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is supported by at least one study showing that residents tend to have higher burnout scores compared with attending physicians. 49 The younger cohorts are at a life stage where they may be looking for a spouse, getting married and having children. However, at the same time, they also need to complete their postgraduate training and develop their career paths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and severity of burnout in Hong Kong doctors up to 20 years post-graduation: a cross-sectional study

Chin

Wan

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and severity of burnout and explore the factors associated with burnout among Hong Kong medical graduates up to 20 years post-graduation.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingHong Kong.ParticipantsDoctors who graduated from the University of Hong Kong between 1995 and 2014.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBurnout as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), alcohol consumption as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Version C, lifestyle behaviours (hours of sleep and work, exercise, smoking, substance use), career satisfaction and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained using paper or online questionnaires.ResultsResponse rate was 30.9% (496/1607). Prevalence of CBI burnout was 63.1% (personal), 55.9% (work-related) and 35.4% (patient-related). The mean CBI subscale scores were 57.4±21.4 (personal), 48.9±7.4 (work-related) and 41.5±21.8 (client-related). Factors associated with personal and patient-related burnout included age (coeff −0.437, 95% CI −0.779 to −0.095 and coeff −0.596, 95% CI −0.965 to −0.228, respectively), practice setting (coeff −5.759, 95% CI −10.665 to −0.853 and coeff −5.317, 95% CI −10.602 to −0.032, respectively) and regular exercise (coeff −6.855, 95% CI −11.102 to −2.608 and coeff −6.769, 95% CI −11.333 to −2.205, respectively). Gender (coeff 5.1, 95% CI 1.382 to 8.818), average hours of sleep per night (coeff −5.200, 95% CI −7.139 to −3.262) and work hours per week (coeff 0.226, 95% CI 0.099 to 0.353) were associated with personal burnout only. No factors were significantly associated with work-related burnout.ConclusionBurnout is highly prevalent among Hong Kong medical graduates. Younger doctors, women and those working in the public sector appear to be at higher risk for burnout and may benefit from targeted interventions. Policymakers and healthcare authorities should consider measures to help reduce burnout by enabling adequate sleep, reducing work hours and encouraging exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and severity of burnout in Hong Kong doctors up to 20 years post-graduation: a cross-sectional study

Chin

Wan

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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“…This is supported by other studies that used CBI to measure burnout. 19,20,[25][26][27][28][29][30] The EPs had a high score in the work-related domain, a domain that is highly associated with burnout in the ED. 17 The Pearson correlations showed a strong and statistically signi cant positive correlation between all three CBI burnout subscales and the SOS-S scale and its subscales (stress overload, personal vulnerability, and event load), such that when burnout increases, stress overload, personal vulnerability, and event load also increase (p<0.0001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burnout and Stress Among Emergency Physicians in the Kingdom of Bahrain Using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Short Form-stress Overload Scale (SOS-S)

Abuzeyad

Bashmi

Das

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Emergency physicians (EPs) are exposed to various stressors that lead to burnout, and these factors have never been examined in the emergency departments (EDs) of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study identifies the prevalence rates and associated variables for burnout and stress among EPs in Bahrain’s EDs.Methods: A cross sectional study involving 134 EPs working in the ED for the three major tertiary hospitals completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Stress Overload Scale-Short Form (SOS-S).Results: The survey had a response rate of 86.7% (n=116). The prevalence rate was 81.0% for personal burnout (M: 63.0, SD: 22.4; CI: 67.0% - 83.3%), 69.8% for work-related burnout (M: 60.3, SD: 21.6; CI: 60.6%- 78.0%), and 40.5% for patient-related burnout (M: 43.1, SD: 25.4; CI: 31.5% - 50.0%). Approximately 23.9% EPs were at high risk for illness. The CBI and SOS-S subscales had statistically significant correlations, illustrating that higher personal, work-related, and patient-related burnout was associated with higher personal vulnerability, event load, and stress overload. Being female, Bahraini, Chief Resident or Consultant, working >50 hours per week, taking at least one sick leave in the last year, and experiencing sleep disturbances and workplace violence were all contributing factors to higher burnout and stress levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout and stress among the EPs in Bahrain is high and reflects a significant problem. Several demographic and occupational factors are closely related to burnout and stress, and need to be addressed to higher authorities in order to implement protective measures.

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“… 18 Other studies using different empathy tools showed a similar trend among residents of different training years. 6 , 21 Though we can still not fully understand the mechanism(s) for why these trends are similar, perhaps different patient illnesses (e.g., different acuity levels), patient trust in physicians or different stress levels, anxiety, or burnout among physicians could all affect physicians' empathy. 6 , 22 We should also consider that senior residents may have higher stress and burnout levels which could partially attribute to the decreased empathy levels 6 as compared to their junior counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 , 4 Empathy can be measured either by health care providers themselves or by their patients. 5 , 6 High consistency has been reported between patient perception of provider empathy and patient satisfaction to the providers. 7 , 8 By far, one of the commonly used empathy measures is the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perception of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of patient perception of physician empathy on patient satisfaction among attending physicians working with residents in an emergent care setting

Kirby

Knowles

Patel

et al. 2021

Health Science Reports

Self Cite

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Background It is unclear whether the patient's perception of attending physician empathy and the patient's satisfaction can be affected when attending physicians work alongside residents. We aim to determine the influence residents may have on (1) patient perception of attending physician empathy and (2) patient satisfaction as it relates to their respective attending physicians. Methods This is a prospective single‐center observational study. Patient perception of physician empathy was measured using Jefferson Scale of Patient Perception of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) in both attendings and residents in the Emergency Department. Patient satisfaction with attending physicians and residents was measured by real‐time patient satisfaction survey. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the association between patient satisfaction and JSPPPE after patient demographics, attending physician different experience, and residents with different years of training were adjusted. Results A total of 351 patients were enrolled. Mean JSPPPE scores were 30.1 among attending working alone, 30.1 in attending working with PGY‐1 EM residents, 29.6 in attending working with PGY‐2, and 27.8 in attending working with PGY‐3 ( p < 0.05). Strong correlation occurred between attending JSPPPE score and patient satisfaction to attending physicians ( ρ > 0.5). The adjusted odds ratio was 1.32 (95% CI 1.23‐1.41, p < 0.001) on attending's JSPPPE score predicting patient satisfaction to the attending physicians. However, there were no significant differences on patient satisfaction among four different groups. Conclusion Empathy has strong correlation with patient satisfaction. Decreased patient perception of attending physician empathy was found when working with senior residents in comparison to working alone or with junior residents.

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Association Between Empathy and Burnout Among Emergency Medicine Physicians

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence and severity of burnout in Hong Kong doctors up to 20 years post-graduation: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence and severity of burnout in Hong Kong doctors up to 20 years post-graduation: a cross-sectional study

Burnout and Stress Among Emergency Physicians in the Kingdom of Bahrain Using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Short Form-stress Overload Scale (SOS-S)

The influence of patient perception of physician empathy on patient satisfaction among attending physicians working with residents in an emergent care setting

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