Association Between Early Contact With Mental Health Services After an Offense and Reoffending in Individuals Diagnosed With Psychosis

Adily, Armita; Albalawi, Olayan; Kariminia, Azar; Wand, Handan; Chowdhury, Nabila; Allnutt, Stephen; Schofield, Peter W.; Sara, Grant; Ogloff, James R. P.; O'Driscoll, Colmán; Greenberg, David M.; Grant, Luke; Butler, Tony

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1255

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The findings also emphasise that more intensive social and mental health services may be needed for individuals with psychiatric disorders in their 20s when rates of reoffending accelerate. There is building evidence that targeted programs and diversionary strategies can be effective in reducing reoffending rates for offenders with psychotic illnesses [ 34 – 36 ]. Further, therapeutic communities and interventions facilitating continuity of care in community settings show promise in reducing reoffending for prisoners with psychiatric illness [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric illness and the risk of reoffending: recurrent event analysis for an Australian birth cohort

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Psychiatric illness is a well-established risk factor for criminal justice system involvement, but less is known about the relationships between specific psychiatric illnesses and reoffending. Research typically examines reoffending as a single discrete event. We examined the relationship between different psychiatric disorders and types of reoffending while accounting for multiple reoffending events over time. Methods Data were drawn from a population cohort of 83,039 individuals born in Queensland, Australia, in 1983 and 1984 and followed to age 29–31 years. Psychiatric diagnoses were drawn from inpatient health records and offending information was drawn from court records. Descriptive and recurrent event survival analyses were conducted to examine the association between psychiatric disorders and reoffending. Results The cohort included 26,651 individuals with at least one proven offence, with 3,580 (13.4%) of these individuals also having a psychiatric disorder. Individuals with any psychiatric disorder were more likely to reoffend compared to those without a disorder (73.1% vs. 56.0%). Associations between psychiatric disorders and reoffending varied across age. Individuals with a psychiatric disorder only started to accumulate more reoffending events from ~ 27 years, which accelerated up to age 31 years. There were both specificity and common effects in the associations between different psychiatric disorders and types of reoffending. Conclusions Findings demonstrate the complexity and temporal dependency of the relationship between psychiatric illness and reoffending. These results reveal the heterogeneity present among individuals who experience psychiatric illness and contact with the justice system, with implications for intervention delivery, particularly for those with substance use disorders.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric illness and the risk of reoffending: recurrent event analysis for an Australian birth cohort

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This reinforces the importance of targeted post-release supports to enable better access to healthcare, particularly following the first period of imprisonment. Special consideration should be given to mental health service contact in the community, which has been shown to reduce reoffending (Adily et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric well-being among men leaving prison reporting a history of injecting drug use: A longitudinal analysis

Stewart

Cossar

Wilkinson

et al. 2021

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Community reintegration from prison is typically stressful, with several health and social outcomes impacting psychiatric well-being during this time, often exacerbated among individuals with histories of drug use. Longitudinal data was used to assess change in psychiatric well-being over 2 years following release from prison among men who reported a recent history of injecting drug use. Methods: Data for this study come from the Prison and Transition Health cohort study of 400 men recruited in prison prior to release and followed up over three time points. Psychiatric well-being was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. We calculated change in individual General Health Questionnaire scores between interviews and identified covariates associated with General Health Questionnaire score using linear mixed-effects regression. Results: Data from 690 follow-up interviews among 326 participants were included in analyses. There was considerable variation in individuals’ General Health Questionnaire scores. Moving accommodation frequently and frequent illicit drug injections were associated with an increase in General Health Questionnaire score (i.e. decline in psychiatric well-being). Two or more prior adult imprisonment episodes, social supports and past month primary healthcare attendance were associated with a decrease in General Health Questionnaire score. Conclusion: Our findings identify health, social and structural influences on psychiatric well-being after release from prison that can inform re-entry programmes to support community reintegration.

show abstract

“…[19][20][21] Preventing imprisonment among people with co-occurring mental illness and substance use may also be achieved through diversion to appropriate mental health services at various points prior to, and when moving through the criminal justice system. 22,23 Holistically addressing pertinent social factors via mental health services, such as housing instability, 24,25 may also reduce offending and prevent entry into secure custodial settings. Many of the men in this study had extensive trajectories of repeated imprisonments, which is consistent with previous studies reporting high rates of reimprisonment among people with co-occurring mental illness and substance use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Contact Episodes in the Year Prior to First Adult Imprisonment Among Men Who Inject Drugs in Victoria, Australia

Stewart¹,

Cossar²,

Al³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: People in prison experience higher rates of mental illness than the general community, and commonly have cooccurring histories of drug dependence. While patterns of mental health service contacts following prison release have been extensively described, limited research has explored histories of service contacts prior to adult imprisonment. We describe public mental health contacts in the 12 months prior to first adult imprisonment among a cohort of men recruited in prison in Victoria, Australia, with recent histories of injecting drug use (IDU).Methods: Retrospective data from two administrative databases — public mental health service contacts from the Victorian state-wide public mental health database and imprisonment episodes from Corrections Victoria — were linked to primary data from the Prison and Transition Health (PATH) cohort study. We describe patterns of mental health contact episodes (contact days) and contact types, including continuing community care (categorised as non-urgent care) and crisis/emergency contacts (categorised as urgent) in the 12 months prior to participants’ first adult imprisonment.Results: Among 400 participants, 60 (15%) had contact with a mental health service in the year prior to their first adult imprisonment, accounting for 861 contact episodes [median 5; interquartile range (IQR) 2–11]. The median days between last contact and imprisonment was 52 (IQR 7–116) and the median days between contacts was three (IQR 1–7). Of the total contacts, 52% (n=450/861) were for continuing community care and 27% (n=234/861) involved crisis assessment treatment; 42 (70%) participants with mental health service contacts had at least one crisis/emergency contact within one year of their first adult imprisonment. Conclusion: We found that 15% of a cohort of men with histories of IDU had mental health service contacts in the 12 months prior to their first adult imprisonment. These contacts were typically frequent and more than one in four involved crisis/emergency care. These findings highlight significant vulnerabilities and potential missed opportunities for intervention early in offending trajectories. Further research is required to understand how these vulnerabilities can be better identified and more appropriately addressed in-community to reduce pathways into prison.

show abstract

Association Between Early Contact With Mental Health Services After an Offense and Reoffending in Individuals Diagnosed With Psychosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Psychiatric illness and the risk of reoffending: recurrent event analysis for an Australian birth cohort

Psychiatric illness and the risk of reoffending: recurrent event analysis for an Australian birth cohort

Psychiatric well-being among men leaving prison reporting a history of injecting drug use: A longitudinal analysis

Mental Health Contact Episodes in the Year Prior to First Adult Imprisonment Among Men Who Inject Drugs in Victoria, Australia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About