Association Between Duration of Playing Video Games and Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Adolescents

Shao, Haiyu; Xu, Shaonan; Zhang, Jun; Zheng, Jiayin; Chen, Jinping; Huang, Yanlei; Ru, Bin; Jin, Yongming; Zhang, Qi; Ying, Qifeng

doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2015.02.007

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Sedentary behavior spent in front of screens has been reported to increase the risk of obesity, high-density lipoprotein dysfunction, and high blood pressure, which are also major risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity [13-15]. Adolescent boys who spend a great deal of time playing video games have been found to have lower bone mineral densities than average [16,17]. Sedentary behavior spent in front of screens is a primary contributor to decreasing physical activity among youths [18-20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment

2019

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Background In recent years, many studies have associated sedentary behavior in front of screens with health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Yet options for exergaming—playing video games that require rigorous physical exercise—seem to fall short of the physical activity levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fully immersive virtual reality (VR)-based training system on cardiovascular and muscular parameters of young adults. Methods A cross-sectional experiment design was used to analyze muscle activity (surface electromyography), heart rate, perceived exertion (RPE), cybersickness symptoms, perceived workload, and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) in 33 participants performing two 5-minute flights on a new training device. Results Participants’ performance of the planking position required to play the game resulted in moderate aerobic intensity (108 [SD 18.69] bpm). Due to the mainly isometric contraction of the dorsal muscle chain (with a mean activation between 20.6% [SD 10.57] and 26.7% [SD 17.39] maximum voluntary isometric contraction), participants described the exercise as a moderate to vigorous activity (RPE 14.6 [SD 1.82]). The majority reported that they enjoyed the exercise (PACES 3.74 [SD 0.16]). However, six participants had to drop out because of cybersickness symptoms and two because of muscle pain due to prior injuries. Conclusions Our findings suggest that fully immersive VR training systems can contribute to muscle-strengthening activities for healthy users. However, the dropout rate highlights the need for technological improvements in both software and hardware. In prevention and therapy, movement quality is a fundamental part of providing effective resistance training that benefits health. Exergaming on a regular basis has the potential to develop strong muscles and a healthy back. It is essential that future VR-based training systems take into account the recommendations of sport and exercise science.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment

2019

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“…The authors found that high levels of sedentary behaviour resulted in significantly lower whole-body bone mineral density compared to groups with low levels of sedentariness [ 13 ]. Shao et al [ 36 ] in a study about determinants of BMD in Chinese adolescents, demonstrated an inverse relationship between longer sit time for playing video games and BMD from different body regions. The authors noted the possible mechanisms, and found that the shorter the time spent in passive, sedentary positions, the more time remains for PA [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shao et al [ 36 ] in a study about determinants of BMD in Chinese adolescents, demonstrated an inverse relationship between longer sit time for playing video games and BMD from different body regions. The authors noted the possible mechanisms, and found that the shorter the time spent in passive, sedentary positions, the more time remains for PA [ 36 ]. Our results confirm those of other studies, that sedentary behavior and especially long time spent in sedentary positions can influence the reduction of BMD in various skeletal locations in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour and physical activity association with bone mineral density among adolescent boys: a cross-sectional observational study

Kopiczko,

Czapla,

Juárez-Vela

et al. 2024

BMC Pediatr

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Background During childhood and adolescence, skeletal microarchitecture and bone mineral density (BMD) undergo significant changes. Peak bone mass is built and its level significantly affects the condition of bones in later years of life. Understanding the modifiable factors that improve bone parameters at an early age is necessary to early prevent osteoporosis. To identify these modifiable factors we analysed the relationship between dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour, and level of physical activity with BMD in 115 young boys (14–17 years). Methods Bone parameters were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry using paediatric specific software to compile the data. Dairy product consumption and eating habits were assessed by means of a dietary interview. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity was assessed in a face-to-face interview conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data collection on total physical activity level was performed by collecting information on the number of days and the duration of vigorous and moderate intensity (MVPA) and average daily time spent in sitting (SIT time). Results The strongest relationships with BMD in distal part of forearm were found for moderate plus vigorous activity, sit time, and intake of dairy products, intake of calcium, protein, vitamin D, phosphorus from diet. Relationships between BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) in the distal and proximal part of the forearm and PA, sit time and eating parameters were evaluated using the multiple forward stepwise regression. The presented model explained 48–67% (adjusted R2 = 0.48–0.67; p < 0.001) of the variance in bone parameters. The predictor of interactions of three variables: protein intake (g/person/day), vitamin D intake (µg/day) and phosphorus intake (mg/day) was significant for BMD dis (adjusted R2 = 0.59; p < 0.001). The predictor of interactions of two variables: SIT time (h/day) and dairy products (n/day) was significant for BMD prox (adjusted R2 = 0.48; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the predictor of interactions dairy products (n/day), protein intake (g/person/day) and phosphorus intake (mg/day) was significant for BMC prox and dis (adjusted R2 = 0.63–0.67; p < 0.001). Conclusions High physical activity and optimal eating habits especially adequate intake of important dietary components for bone health such as calcium, protein, vitamin D and phosphorus affect the mineralization of forearm bones.

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“…Similar to our findings, Shao et al . [ 27 ] in a study of Chinese adolescents, found an inverse relationship between longer time playing video games and BMD from different body regions, such as the legs. One of the possible mechanisms to explain these results is that the shorter the time involved in playing video games, the more time available for physical activity, since these types of behavior have been negatively related in both overall activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is opposed to observed by Shao et al . [ 27 ] in Chinese adolescents, where the duration of playing videogames was negatively related to spine BMD, as well as lower legs, trunk, pelvic, and total BMD. One of the possible hypotheses for these findings is that in order to play video games children and adolescents have to spend considerable time sitting, but with the spine erect, thus working the back muscles in an isometric form, providing a mechanical load by isometric muscle contraction in this region for prolonged time of the which could contribute to increases in spine BMD, given the close relationship between muscle mass and BMD [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bone mineral density according to domains of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents

et al. 2022

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Background Somatic maturation and the age at onset of puberty are closely related to bone mineral density (BMD), and are potential confounders of the associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB) and BMD in adolescents. Thus the aim was compare BMD at different anatomical sites according to different domains of SB. Methods The sample consisted of 88 young people (54 boys and 34 girls; 9.5 ± 1.5 years). The self-reported SB was measured by the time spent on TV, computer, video game and smartphone. BMD at each location and throughout the body was assessed by DEXA. Physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire. The comparison of the different types of BMD sites according to the SB levels for each screen device and the total SB were analyzed by Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA). Results Whole-body BMD was higher in young people with low total SB (Total BMD = 0.957 ± 0.042) than in those with moderate (Total BMD = 0.921 ± 0.053) and high SB (Total BMD = 0.929 ± 0.051) (p-value = 0.011). Children and adolescents with low total SB had higher BMD legs (0.965 ± 0.056) than young people with high total SB (BMD legs = 0.877 ± 0.209), but this relationship was attenuated when the analyzes were adjusted for physical activity (p-value = 0.068). Conclusion Adolescents with high sedentary behavior tend to have lower whole body bone mineral density than those with low sedentary behavior.

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Association Between Duration of Playing Video Games and Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Adolescents

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment

Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment

Dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour and physical activity association with bone mineral density among adolescent boys: a cross-sectional observational study

Comparison of bone mineral density according to domains of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents

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