Association between dietary protein intake and type 2 diabetes varies by dietary pattern

Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have demonstrated that high total protein intake was related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risks. However, few studies considered the impact of dietary pattern.ObjectiveWe examined the associations between protein intake and T2DM in different dietary patterns.MethodsWe used the demographic and dietary information of adults aged 18–75 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009), consisting of 4113 women and 4580 men. Dietary data was collected by using 24-h recalls combined with a food inventory for 3 consecutive days. Cluster analysis was used to classify subjects into groups, as determined by major sources of protein. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of T2DM according to the energy-adjusted protein intake.ResultsAll participants were divided into three patterns according to the dietary source of protein (legumes and seafood, red meat, refined grains). Overall, plant protein intake was significantly and inversely associated with T2DM. In the subgroup analysis by dietary patterns, extreme quartile of plant protein intake was also inversely related to T2DM in the “legumes and seafood” group [OR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.33–0.96)]. Total protein intake and animal protein intake were positively related to T2DM in the “red meat” group [OR: 3.12 (1.65–5.91) and 3.48 (1.87–6.60), respectively]. However, the association of animal protein intake was reversed in the “refined grains” group [OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.89].ConclusionsThe association between protein intake and T2DM varies by dietary pattern. Dietary pattern may be considered into the recommendation of protein intake for diabetes prevention.

Chemical and Mineral Bio-availability Composition of Indigenous Vegetable Sauces: Implication for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Protein content of the vegetable sauces was consistent with Sabitha et al [24]; Ukegbu and Okebugwu [25] and Davidson et al [22]. Protein diets especially plant based has been shown to promote glucose homeostasis and is not associated with T2DM risk [26,27] but animal protein especially red and processed meat promotes insulin resistance and increases gluconeogenesis [28].…”

Food groups in dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes

“…legumes) was associated with decreased risk of T2DM, on the contrary to higher intake of protein from animal sources (e.g. red meat) [39]. Same authors emphasized the importance of focusing on dietary patterns, rather than individual macronutrients.…”

Hypoglycemic Effects of Analog Rice Based from Arrowroot (Marantha arundinacea L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) on Blood Sugar Level and Pancreas Histopathology of Diabetic Rat

“…Group E has a good pancreatic profile because A4B1C3 rice has high dietary fiber and protein content. Protein is an important modulator in glucose homeostasis by increasing gluconeogenesis and preventing insulin resistance [21]. Research conducted by [22] showed a synergistic effect when people with type 2 diabetes consume glucose with protein in increasing insulin stimulation so that insulin concentration increases compared to just consuming glucose.…”