Association between Dietary Patterns and Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms in Young Children

Abstract

Previous research suggests the association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms or diet, but no interactions between these factors in atopic dermatitis (AD). We conducted a community-based case-control study including 194 AD and 244 matched non-AD preschoolers. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) present/null genotypes were evaluated uisng a multiplex PCR method. We measured dietary intakes by a validated food frequency questionnaire and constructed three dietary patterns such as “traditional healthy”, “animal foods”, and “sweets” diets. In stratified analyses by GST genotypes, the “traditional healthy” diet and reduced AD showed association only in the GSTM1-present group (odd ratio (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.75). A similar pattern of the association existed in the combined GSTM1/T1 genotype that indicated the inverse association between the “traditional healthy” diet and AD in the double GSTM1/T1-present genotype group (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06–0.93). Results from the multiplicative test analyses showed that the “traditional healthy” diet on reduced AD was significant or borderline significant in the GSTM1-present group (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.92 vs. GSTM1-null group) or the GSTM1/T1 double present group (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.03 vs. GSTM1/T1 double null group). These findings demonstrate that the present type of GSTM1 may increase susceptibility to the potential effect of the “traditional healthy” diet on AD.

Which Diet-Related Behaviors in Childhood Influence a Healthier Dietary Pattern? From the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort

“…Individual dietary data for the past year were collected by the parents or guardians and validated by trained interviewers using the FFQ (90 food items). Both the reproducibility ( r value = 0.5–0.8) and validity ( r value = 0.3–0.6) of the instrument were acceptable, as reported elsewhere [ 18 , 19 ]. We used the same questionnaire at both follow-ups.…”

Prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and glutathione s-transferase T1/M1 genotypes and their association with atopic dermatitis at 2 years of age

“…In a case–control study of Korean children, the GSTM1 -null genotype was significantly associated with childhood AD onset [33]. However, Chung et al found that a healthy dietary intake and the GSTM1 -present genotype had a protective effect against AD [34]. Furthermore, Carlsten et al indicated that the GSTT1 genotype enhanced the ambient diesel exhaust exposure-mediated increase in allergen-sensitized inflammation in airways among atopic participants [35].…”

Maternal Perinatal Dietary Patterns Affect Food Allergy Development in Susceptible Infants

“…35 A GSTM1 polymorphism has been reported to increase the potential protective role of the "Korean traditional healthy" diet against AD, and the CD14 polymorphism was also shown to influence the effect of prenatal antioxidant intake on infant respiratory infections in Korean children. 57 microbiota across different groups of infants as follows: 1) all infants whose mothers had high confectionery dietary patterns vs all infants whose mothers had low confectionery dietary patterns; 2) infants who breastfed for at least 6 months and whose mothers had high confectionery dietary patterns vs infants who breastfed for at least 6 months and whose mothers had low confectionery dietary patterns; 3) all infants who were diagnosed with FA vs all infants who were not diagnosed with FA; 4) infants who were diagnosed with FA and whose mothers had high confectionery dietary patterns vs infants who were not diagnosed with FA and whose mothers had low confectionery dietary patterns.…”

“…However, these genetic polymorphisms are considered to be important for allergic diseases in the Korean population, as shown in our previous studies. [57][58][59][70][71][72] This study is the first to assess the relationship between infant genetic variations and maternal dietary patterns on the development of infant FA in a birth cohort. In addition, unlike other studies of dietary patterns associated with allergy development, we suggested a possible mechanism for the relationship between the maternal confectionery dietary pattern and FA, namely the lipotoxic effect of TFAs.…”