Association between dietary patterns and depression: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and intervention trials

Gianfredi, Vincenza; Dinu, Monica; Nucci, Daniele; Eussen, Simone J.P.M.; Amerio, Andrea; Schram, Miranda T.; Schaper, Nicolaas C.; Odone, Anna

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuac058

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The Mediterranean diet (MD) is promoted as one of the healthiest dietary patterns for preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including conditions involving cognitive impairment and mental illness [11,12]. These beneficial effects may be linked to the high consumption of plant-based products rich in polyphenols and vitamins, which are essential for brain function [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Psychological Disorders, Mediterranean Diet, and Chronotype in a Group of Italian Adults

Dinu

Lotti

Napoletano

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Mental health conditions are a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. The aim of this study was to explore the association between psychological disorders, Mediterranean diet (MD), and chronotype. A total of 344 participants (74% women) with a mean age of 33.5 ± 13 years were recruited. According to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) score, 22% of participants had symptoms of depression, 23% anxiety, and 10% stress. The assessment of MD adherence through the Medi-Lite score revealed that participants with psychological disorders had significantly (p < 0.05) lower MD adherence than those without these conditions. Furthermore, less than 10% of the subjects with at least one symptom reported consuming the optimal amount of fruit and vegetables, while 72% showed excessive consumption of meat and meat products. Regarding chronotype, evening subjects reported the lowest MD adherence and the highest prevalence of all three psychological disorders analyzed. A multivariate analysis showed that female gender, age, being unmarried/single, sedentary lifestyle, and low MD adherence were associated with a significantly higher risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Future studies are needed to explore the relationship between mental health and risk factors to improve personal and global population health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Psychological Disorders, Mediterranean Diet, and Chronotype in a Group of Italian Adults

Dinu

Lotti

Napoletano

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Among the recommended diet for reducing depression risk are fruits, vegetables, legumes, wholegrain cereals, and nuts instead of unhealthy products such as fast foods, pastries, and soft drinks [ 53 ]. Despite the fact that existing evidence on DQ only discussed certain kinds of food, the healthy dietary pattern in our study is comprehensive enough to cover the aforementioned nutrients, whose potential positive impact on depression symptoms is worthy of prompt replication in larger populations [ 54 ]. As well-documented as either the single effect of diet or PA alone for preventing depression is, there are no relevant studies that have examined the effects of diet and PA as a whole on depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Joint Physical Activity and Dietary Quality and Lower Risk of Depression Symptoms in US Adults: Cross-sectional NHANES Study

Liang¹,

Huang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2023

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Depression escalating public health concern and the modest efficacy of currently available treatments have prompted efforts to identify modifiable risk factors associated with depression symptoms. Physical inactivity, poor nutrition, or other lifestyle behaviors are among the potentially modifiable risk factors most consistently linked with depression. Past evidence regarding the single effect of physical activity (PA) or dietary quality (DQ) on reducing the risk of depression symptoms has been well-documented. However, the association of the joint effect of PA and DQ on depression symptoms has never been investigated in a representative sample of adults. Objective This study investigates the association between PA and depression symptoms and between DQ and depression symptoms, and their combined effects on US adults. Methods Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2018 cycles. The primary exposures were DQ and PA, measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and the metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes per week reported in questionnaires, respectively. Depression symptoms were defined as a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of ≥10. We created 4 lifestyle categories: healthy diet and active individuals, unhealthy diet but active individuals, healthy diet but inactive individuals, and unhealthy diet and inactive individuals. Participants were considered to have a healthy diet if they fell within the 60th percentile of the HEI-2015 or to be active if they met the current guidelines for PA. A survey-multivariable logistic regression approach was used to model adjust the variables relevant to the associations, and an age-adjusted prevalence for depression symptoms was calculated following the NHANES guidelines. Results In total, 19,295 participants represented a weighted number of 932.5 million adults aged 20 to 80 years in the noninstitutionalized US population. The total age-adjusted prevalence of depression symptoms among all respondents was 7.08% (1507/19,295). Of the respondents, 81.97% (15,816/19,295) met the PA recommendation and 26.79% (5170/19,295) scored at or above the 60th percentile on the HEI-2015. Depression symptoms were inversely associated with a higher level of PA (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.819, 95% CI 0.716-0.938) and healthy DQ (AOR 0.809, 95% CI 0.701-0.931), respectively. A healthy diet combined with recommended PA was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression symptoms (AOR 0.658, 95% CI 0.538-0.803) than those who consumed an unhealthy diet but were physically active (AOR 0.890, 95% CI 0.765-1.038) or consumed a healthy diet but were physically inactive (AOR 1.077, 95% CI 0.817-1.406). Conclusions Our findings indicate that people with a healthy diet and recommended PA have a lower risk of depression symptoms than those with an unhealthy diet and a low level of PA. A healthy dietary habit and regular PA are potential precautions against depression.

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“…The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruits and nuts, legumes, olive oils, and fish as well as reduced consumption of meat and dairy products with moderate alcohol intake (Altun et al, 2019; Sánchez-Villegas et al, 2006). Several cohort and cross-sectional studies (Gibson-Smith et al, 2018; Sánchez-Villegas et al, 2015), meta-analyses (Lassale et al, 2019; Psaltopoulou et al, 2013), and recent systematic reviews (Altun et al, 2019; Gianfredi et al, 2022) have indicated that moderate to high adherence to the Mediterranean diet significantly reduces risk for depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the first randomized control trial exploring a dietary intervention for treatment of depression found that a modified Mediterranean diet decreased depressive symptoms (Jacka et al, 2017).…”

Section: Research On Nutrition and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and depression: Collaboration between psychologists and dietitians in depression treatment.

Hendry¹,

Jansen²

2023

Translational Issues in Psychological Science

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The relationship between nutrition and depression is well established; dietary habits are significantly associated with risk for depressive symptoms. Specific diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, have considerable evidence to support its use in reducing depression symptoms. Unknown, however, is psychologist and dietitian knowledge and practical application of this literature. One proposed method to increase the application of this knowledge in the treatment of depression is to engage in interprofessional collaboration. Specifically, collaboration between psychologists and dietitians may serve as a novel treatment approach in using diet to address depression. This study aimed to investigate knowledge and practices among psychologists and dietitians as well as examine benefits and barriers to collaboration between these professions. Psychologists and dietitians were surveyed on their attitudes toward and practical application of nutrition and depression research. Clinicians responded to questions regarding scope of practice for both psychologists and dietitians. Benefits and barriers to collaboration were explored. All clinicians surveyed agreed there is a relationship between diet and depression. While both professions demonstrated similar knowledge of the research on this topic, more psychologists than dietitians discussed this relationship with the clients. Thematic analysis revealed perceived benefits and barriers to collaboration between professions. This information guides specific recommendations for psychologists and dietitians to engage in more effective integrative care approaches with dietitians. With increased education on the relationship between diet and depression, as well as effective skills to collaborate, dietitians and psychologists can improve the overall care of their patients.

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Association between dietary patterns and depression: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and intervention trials

Cited by 26 publications

References 69 publications

Association between Psychological Disorders, Mediterranean Diet, and Chronotype in a Group of Italian Adults

Association between Psychological Disorders, Mediterranean Diet, and Chronotype in a Group of Italian Adults

Association Between Joint Physical Activity and Dietary Quality and Lower Risk of Depression Symptoms in US Adults: Cross-sectional NHANES Study

Nutrition and depression: Collaboration between psychologists and dietitians in depression treatment.

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