Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and depression and anxiety in the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) Study population

Abstract

Background: Systemic inflammation is emerging as an important factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, the inflammatory potential of the diet may also be an etiological factor for these conditions, and this may be estimated by calculating the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score. We aimed to investigate the association between DII score and incidence of depression and anxiety among a representative sample in northeastern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study undertook in a sub-sample of 7083 adults aged 35 to 65 years recruited as part of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study population, and after excluding subjects with incomplete data. All participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between DII score and depression/anxiety score.

Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis

“…The process of literature selection is shown in Figure 1. A total of 16 articles with 92,242 participants were included in this metaanalysis, including five cohort studies, one case-control study, and 10 cross-sectional studies (16,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). All studies assessed the DII score based on interviewed food-frequency questionnaires or 24-h diet recalls.…”

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Depressive Disorders

“…Diets can be either pro-inflammatory or antiinflammatory, depending on the hormonal responses they generate. 117 A pro-inflammatory diet may increase the chronic, persistent activation of the immune system, which leads to low-grade inflammation. Activation of immune cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes, leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress.…”

Role of BMI in the Relationship Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Depression: An Intermediary Analysis

“…In the past few decades, the role of diet in regulating inflammation has received intense attention, and DII has been widely used to assess the potential of dietary inflammation. A significant association has been observed between a high pro-inflammatory diet assessed by a higher DII score and depression ( 13 , 30 , 31 ). However, limited studies have evaluated the mechanism of the association between inflammation and depression.…”