Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and risk of prediabetes: a case-control study

Abstract

The possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of prediabetes requires further investigation, especially in non-Western populations. We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the risk of prediabetes in a case-control study conducted at specialized centers in Esfahan, Iran. A total of 214 incident cases of prediabetes were selected with the nonrandom sampling procedure, and the 200 controls randomly selected from the same clinics were frequency-matched on age (±5 years) and sex. DII scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable beta estimates and odds ratios (ORs). Subjects in tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (T3VS1) of DII had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (DII: b = 4.49; 95% CI 1.89, 7.09), oral glucose tolerance (DII: b = 8.76; 95% CI 1.78, 15.73), HbA1c (DII: b = 0.30; 95% CI 0.17, 0.42), low-density lipoprotein (DII: b = 16.37; 95% CI 11.04, 21.69), triglyceride (DII: b = 21.01; 95% CI 8.61, 33.42) and body fat (DII: b = 2.41; 95% CI 0.56, 4.26) and lower high-density lipoprotein (DII: b = -3.39; 95% CI -5.94, -0.84) and lean body mass (DII: b = -3.11; 95% CI -4.83, -1.39). After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the most pro-inflammatory DII group had 19 times higher odds of developing prediabetes compared with subjects in tertile 1 (DII: OR = 18.88; 95% CI 7.02, 50.82). Similar results were observed when DII was used as a continuous variable, (DII: OR = 3.62; 95% CI 2.50, 5.22). Subjects who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet were at increased risk of prediabetes compared with those who consumed a more anti-inflammatory diet.

A pro-inflammatory diet increases the likelihood of obesity and overweight in adolescent boys: a case–control study

“…Moreover, some studies reported that insulin resistance (IR) is one of the important factors causing adolescent overweight and obesity [43,44]. Recent studies have reported that an inflammatory (pro-inflammatory) diet increases insulin resistance [45,46]. To investigate the dietary inflammatory status, dietary inflammatory index (DII ® ) can be used, which is a valuable indicator that validated in various countries including Iran [47][48][49].…”

“…Recent studies have reported that an inflammatory (pro-inflammatory) diet increases insulin resistance [45,46]. To investigate the dietary inflammatory status, dietary inflammatory index (DII ® ) can be used, which is a valuable indicator that validated in various countries including Iran [47][48][49]. The DII ® is a dietary indicator developed to measure the inflammatory potential of the diet.…”

Impaired fasting glucose prevalence surge among Iranian adolescents in a decade: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

“…By showing a strong association between study period and IFG, which was independent of adiposity indices, we highlighted the potential role of other risk factors to explain the IFG surge among adolescents. Dietary inflammatory index, a novel index in the evaluation of diet composition, has shown an attractive positive relationship with IFG as well as prediabetes, even independent of increased caloric intake and BMI . Another potential confounder may be low physical activity and sedentary lifestyles which are emerging among Iranian adolescents and have been shown associated with insulin resistance in school‐children .…”

The Association Between Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and Gastric Cancer and Evaluation of Nutrient Intakes of Gastric Cancer Patients: A Case-Control Study

“…effects in inhibition of inflammatory markers' gene expression (17,29). Another proposed mechanism involves the roles of these vitamins in decreasing systemic inflammation, and subsequently the GC incidence, by reducing insulin resistance (40)(41)(42)(43). In case of Vitamin B6, as this vitamin has a crucial role in amino acid and amines metabolism, it is logical to assume an essential part for this vitamin in reducing the chronic inflammation.…”

“…In case of Vitamin B6, as this vitamin has a crucial role in amino acid and amines metabolism, it is logical to assume an essential part for this vitamin in reducing the chronic inflammation. some studies have shown a direct association between vitamin B6 deficiency and increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, all of which have been postulated to play a role in gastric carcinogenesis (43)(44)(45)(46). However, future comprehensive studies are necessary to investigate the exact mechanisms of protective effects of vitamin A, B6, and D against GC.…”