Association between Dietary Behaviors and BMI Stratified by Sex and the ALDH2 rs671 Polymorphism in Japanese Adults

Igarashi, Maki; Nogawa, Shun; Hachiya, Tsuyoshi; Furukawa, Kyohei; Takahashi, Shoko; Jia, Huijuan; Saito, Kenji; Kato, Harubumi

doi:10.3390/nu14235116

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Currently, there is no meta-analysis discussing the relationship between ALDH2 and BMI, and our meta-analysis demonstrated that ALDH2 GG populations had a significantly higher BMI than GA/AA populations in the outcome of all subgroups. Some clinical articles have reported lower BMI due to healthier dietary habits caused by flushing syndrome in the GA/AA population ( 68 , 69 ). Besides, it should be clarified that the correlation between ALDH2 and BMI varies among different genders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population: an updated meta-analysis

Liu,

Peng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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IntroductionAcetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) had reported as a prominent role in the development of cardiometabolic diseases among Asians. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population.MethodWe searched databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase updated to Oct 30th, 2023. We extracted data of BMI, Hypertension, SBP, DBP, T2DM, FBG, PPG, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C.ResultIn total, 46 studies were finally included in our meta-analysis, containing, 54068 GG and, 36820 GA/AA participants. All outcomes related to blood pressure revealed significant results (hypertension OR=0.83 [0.80, 0.86]; SBP MD=-1.48 [-1.82, -1.14]; DBP MD=-1.09 [-1.58, -0.61]). FBG showed a significant difference (MD=-0.10 [-0.13, -0.07]), and the lipid resulted significantly in some outcomes (TG MD=-0.07 [-0.09, -0.04]; LDL-C MD=-0.04 [-0.05, -0.02]). As for subgroups analysis, we found that in populations without severe cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs), GG demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of T2DM (T2DM OR=0.88 [0.79, 0.97]), while the trend was totally opposite in population with severe CCVDs (T2DM OR=1.29 [1.00, 1.66]) with significant subgroup differences.ConclusionOur updated meta-analysis demonstrated that ALDH2 rs671 GG populations had significantly higher levels of BMI, blood pressure, FBG, TG, LDL-C and higher risk of hypertension than GA/AA populations. Besides, to the best of our knowledge, we first report GG had a higher risk of T2DM in population without severe CCVDs, and GA/AA had a higher risk of T2DM in population with severe CCVDs.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023389242.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population: an updated meta-analysis

Liu,

Peng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Based on the result of the current study, the effect of rs671 is expected to be greater but not robust enough to be found in GWAS, where adjustment for covariates is limited. Based on previous study findings, rs671 is expected to influence several COVID-19-related traits, such as food preference and underlying metabolic conditions and diseases [ 39 – 41 ], resulting in the inclusion of various noises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian flush is a potential protective factor against COVID-19: a web-based retrospective survey in Japan

Takashima,

Tokiya,

Izui

et al. 2024

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in December 2019, spread worldwide in a short period, resulting in numerous cases and associated deaths; however, the toll was relatively low in East Asia. A genetic polymorphism unique to East Asians, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671, has been reported to confer protection against infections. Method We retrospectively investigated the association between the surrogate marker of the rs671 variant, the skin flushing phenomenon after alcohol consumption, and the timing of COVID-19 incidence using a web-based survey tool to test any protective effects of rs671 against COVID-19. Results A total of 807 valid responses were received from 362 non-flushers and 445 flushers. During the 42 months, from 12/1/2019 to 5/31/2023, 40.6% of non-flushers and 35.7% of flushers experienced COVID-19. Flushers tended to have a later onset (Spearman’s partial rank correlation test, p = 0.057, adjusted for sex and age). Similarly, 2.5% of non-flushers and 0.5% of flushers were hospitalized because of COVID-19. Survival analysis estimated lower risks of COVID-19 and associated hospitalization among flushers (p = 0.03 and <0.01, respectively; generalized Wilcoxon test). With the Cox proportional hazards model covering 21 months till 8/31/2021, when approximately half of the Japanese population had received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of COVID-19 incidence was estimated to be 0.21 (0.10–0.46) for flusher versus non-flusher, with adjustment for sex, age, steroid use, and area of residence. Conclusions Our study suggests an association between the flushing phenomenon after drinking and a decreased risk of COVID-19 morbidity and hospitalization, suggesting that the rs671 variant is a protective factor. This study provides valuable information for infection control and helps understand the unique constitutional diversity of East Asians. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00361 .

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“…Naturally, habitual drinking in ALDH2*2 carriers is a great risk for alcohol-related cancers, such as esophageal cancer, because accumulated acetaldehyde is highly carcinogenic [20,[22][23][24][25]. Nevertheless, drinking habits of ALDH2*2 carriers may have been more easily overlooked by medical professionals, because indicators of overdrinking such as serum liver transaminase levels, blood pressure, serum triglyceride levels, and visceral fat content, are reported to be lower in ALDH2*2 carriers [20,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] even with consideration of drinking amount [26,28,35,36]. The mechanisms underlying this favorable, but enigmatic traits in ALDH2*2 carriers have not been revealed; however, the accumulation of aldehydes is a primary possible reason, considering the role of ALDH2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>ALDH2</i> rs671 variant allele is associated with higher energy intake in middle-aged and elderly Japanese who routinely consume alcohol

Hayashida

Matsumoto

Nanri

et al. 2023

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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Background According to recent reports, individuals with reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase activity may require more energy for the detoxification of aldehydes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an ALDH isozyme, is responsible for detoxifying acetaldehyde, an intermediate metabolite of ethanol. Because the variant allele of the rs671 polymorphism of ALDH2 results in a substantial reduction in enzymatic activity, carriers of this variant allele may have a higher energy demand when consuming alcohol than non-carriers. However, no studies have evaluated this phenomenon to date. Method To test the hypothesis, we statistically examined the interactive effects between the rs671 and ethanol consumption on energy intake using cross-sectional data from a population-based cohort study, the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study, which was conducted in Saga city between 2005–2007 (N = 12,068). Results General linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethanol consumption, current smoking status, years of education, dietary restriction, medical history, and physical activity level revealed that energy intake was higher in variant allele carriers than in non-carriers among individuals with alcohol drinking habits, whereas no such correlation was observed among those without drinking habits (≤2 g ethanol/day) ( p = 0.03 for interaction between rs671 and ethanol consumption). Energy intake excluding energy from alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, and fat intake, showed similar tendencies ( p for interaction = 0.01, 0.01, 0.04, and 0.07, respectively). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that increased energy intake is required for the detoxification of aldehydes in individuals with low ALDH activity. This epidemiological evidence provides a possible scientific basis for understanding aldehyde detoxification mechanisms and suggests a novel phenotype of the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00276 .

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Association between Dietary Behaviors and BMI Stratified by Sex and the ALDH2 rs671 Polymorphism in Japanese Adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population: an updated meta-analysis

The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population: an updated meta-analysis

Asian flush is a potential protective factor against COVID-19: a web-based retrospective survey in Japan

<i>ALDH2</i> rs671 variant allele is associated with higher energy intake in middle-aged and elderly Japanese who routinely consume alcohol

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