“…Haryono and Iskandar (2015) classified empirical studies on the CSR-CFP relationship into three main categories: studies showing a positive relationship between the CSR and firm value (Aggarwal, 2013;Bidhari, Salim, & Aisjah, 2013); studies reporting no relationship between CSR and firm value because of the lack of understanding of their complex relationship (Tjia & Setiawati, 2012;Nyirenda, Ngwakwe, & Ambe, 2013). Finally, other studies showed a mixed or negative relationship between CSR disclosures and firm value (Hirigoyen & Rehm, 2015; Nguyen, Tran, Le, Nguyen, & Trinh, 2015). Dhaliwal, Li, Tsang, and Yang (2011) examined a potential benefit associated with the initiation of voluntary disclosure of CSR activities: a reduction in firms' cost of equity capital.…”