Association between cholinesterase's inhibition and cognitive impairment: A basis for prevention policies of environmental pollution by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in Chile

Ramírez-Santana, Muriel; Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana; Corral, Sebastián; Roeleveld, Nel; Groenewoud, Hans; Velden, Koos van der; Scheepers, Paul T.J.; Pancetti, Floria

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109539

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The results indicated that only the EE group showed a large association between BChE inhibition and decreased performance in six of eight cognitive areas evaluated (except for motor coordination and mood). Fewer associations were observed for AChE in the EE and for both biomarkers in the OE [ 43 ]. In the present study, biomarker data and standardized tests scores (expressed as ratio values) were modeled in order to find the association between both parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced neurobehavioral functioning in agricultural workers and rural inhabitants exposed to pesticides in northern Chile and its association with blood biomarkers inhibition

et al. 2020

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Background Previous biomonitoring studies have shown that people in the rural population of Coquimbo, the major agricultural area in northern Chile are being occupationally and environmentally exposed to organophosphate/carbamate (OP/CB) pesticides. Given their harmful effects, this study had two aims; first, to evaluate the effect of cumulative or chronic exposure to OP/CB pesticides on the neurobehavioral performance of agricultural workers and rural inhabitants; second, to determine if changes in the neurobehavioral performance are associated to changes in blood biomarkers of OP/CB pesticides during the spray season, when exposure is higher. Methods For the first aim, a cross sectional study of neurobehavioral performance in adult volunteers (men and women, 18–50 years-old, right-handed) was carried out in the pre-spray season. Sampling was done by convenience and a questionnaire was used to categorize participants depending on their level of chronic exposure, as either: occupationally exposed (OE, n = 87), environmentally exposed (EE, n = 81), or non-exposed controls or reference group (RG, n = 100). A neurobehavioral test battery consisting of 21 tests to measure cognitive, motor and emotional state was applied. For the second aim, neurobehavioral measures were taken a second time from EE and OE groups during the spray season, and their exposure corroborated by blood-based biomarker inhibition. Results Lower neurobehavioral performance was observed in the pre-spray evaluation of EE and OE groups compared to the non-exposed, OE being the worst performing group. Seasonal exposure impaired performance in both exposure groups on all tests except those on attention and mood. Data modeling of the basal (pre-spray) measurements showed that the level of exposure was the best predictor of performance. During spraying, inhibition of BChE activity in the EE group was the best predictor of low performance in tests measuring logical, auditory and visual memory, inhibitory control of cognitive interference, constructional and planning abilities, executive functions, and motor speed and coordination. Conclusion Long-term occupational or environmental exposure to pesticides caused impairment in neurobehavioral functioning, which worsened during the spraying season, mainly in EE. BChE inhibition was the best predictor for seasonal neurobehavioral changes in EE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced neurobehavioral functioning in agricultural workers and rural inhabitants exposed to pesticides in northern Chile and its association with blood biomarkers inhibition

et al. 2020

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“…Studies have also linked pesticide use to spontaneous abortions, births of children with congenital malformations and reproductive health changes, cytogenetic damage in farm workers, decreased cognitive performance in the general population, and neurotoxic effects that may reduce cognitive performance in developing children and degenerative diseases in chronically exposed farm workers (see, for example. e.g., Szot 2004, Zuñiga et al 2007Lucero et al 2019, andRamírez-Santana et al 2020).…”

Section: Occupational Non-occupational and Environmental Effects Of P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards safer use of pesticides in Chile

Coria

Elgueta

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…A burden of evidence showing the health impact of pesticide exposure has been reported at different levels (Alavanja et al, 2014; Alewu & Nosiri, 2011; Czajka et al, 2019; Ecobichon, 2001; Kamel & Hoppin, 2004; Mostafalou & Abdollahi, 2013; Mostafalou & Abdollahi, 2017; Ramírez‐Santana et al, 2020a, 2020b; Rothlein et al, 2006; Zúñiga‐Venegas et al, 2021). Despite most of this evidence has been obtained from agricultural workers, this issue is not only limited to occupational exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNAdamage in a Chilean population exposed to pesticides and its association withPON1(Q192RandL55M) susceptibility biomarker

Zúñiga-Venegas

Pancetti

2022

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The active ingredients in pesticides are known to be genotoxic that can cause mutations, chromosomal aberrations, or other types of DNA damage. Early detection of genotoxicity reduces the risk of developing diseases such as cancer or suffering from reproductive disorders. In turn, the genotoxic risk depends on the intrinsic capability of the individual to metabolize and eliminate the xenobiotic from the organism. This study aimed to determine if two polymorphisms of paraoxonase-1 (PON1), which is involved in the metabolism of several organophosphate (OP) pesticides, are predictors of susceptibility to DNA damage in agricultural workers and inhabitants of rural areas chronically exposed to pesticides. A cross-sectional study was made considering three groups: agricultural workers (occupational exposure, OE, n = 85), rural inhabitants (environmental exposure, EE, n = 60), and an unexposed group conformed by people living far from agricultural areas (U, n = 33). The level of individual DNA damage was measured using the comet assay, and genotyping was done to determine the PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrilcholinesterase activities were also measured to determine exposure to OP. Individuals belonging to EE and OE groups displayed higher levels of DNA damage compared with U group (p < .001). OP exposure was the main predictor of genotoxicity (β = 16.19; 95% CI: 1.85, 30.52), instead of PON1 polymorphisms (β = À12.20; 95% CI: À27.87, 3.48). These results confirm the genotoxic effects of pesticide exposure and suggest that the catalytic efficiency of PON1 to metabolize OP pesticides becomes negligible in individuals with a history of long-term environmental or occupational exposure to these substances.

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Association between cholinesterase's inhibition and cognitive impairment: A basis for prevention policies of environmental pollution by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in Chile

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Reduced neurobehavioral functioning in agricultural workers and rural inhabitants exposed to pesticides in northern Chile and its association with blood biomarkers inhibition

Reduced neurobehavioral functioning in agricultural workers and rural inhabitants exposed to pesticides in northern Chile and its association with blood biomarkers inhibition

Towards safer use of pesticides in Chile

DNAdamage in a Chilean population exposed to pesticides and its association withPON1(Q192RandL55M) susceptibility biomarker

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