Association between change in self-reported sugar intake and a sugar biomarker (δ¹³C) in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes

Abstract

We examined whether change in added sugar intake is associated with change in δ13C, a novel sugar biomarker, in thirty-nine children aged 5–10 years selected from a Colorado (USA) prospective cohort of children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. Reported added sugar intake via FFQ and δ13C in erythrocytes were measured at two time points a median of 2 years apart. Change in added sugar intake was associated with change in the δ13C biomarker, where for every 1-g increase in added sugar intake between the two time points, there was an increase in δ13C of 0⋅0082 (P = 0⋅0053), independent of change in HbA1c and δ15N. The δ13C biomarker may be used as a measure of compliance in an intervention study of children under the age of 10 years who are at increased risk for type 1 diabetes, in which the goal was to reduce dietary sugar intake.

Stable Isotope Abundance and Fractionation in Human Diseases

“…However, in another cohort, hair δ 15 N correlated to plasmatic leptin concentration (in particular in individuals with high body mass index) but no relationship was found with δ 13 C values [16]. In adolescents or children, the δ 13 C value in fingerstick blood samples or in erythrocytes has been found to increase at high food intake (increased sugar intake or high calory diet) and this seemed to be unrelated to HbA1c or to C 4 sugar consumption [17,40]. Also, no difference in hair δ 15 N between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without diabetic nephropathy has been found, although hair δ 15 N correlates to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [41].…”

“…Aa metabolism 13 C, 15 N Collagen [12] Chronic malnutrition and potential growth retardation (stunted children) Aa metabolism 13 C, 15 N Hair [13] Patients with metabolic syndrome Glycaemia Aa metabolism 13 C, 15 N Hair [14] Diabetic patients Sugar metabolism 13 C, 15 N Hair [15][16][17][18]…”