Association between carotid area calcifications and periodontal risk: a cross sectional study of panoramic radiographic findings

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim was to investigate the extent to which it is possible to diagnose suspected carotid calcification from dental panoramic radiography (PR) and to establish an association to periodontal risk.Methods824 PRs from one dental practice were investigated. Parameters considered were gender, age, bone loss - age index, tooth loss, periodontal risk and suspected carotid calcification (left, right, both sides). Periodontal risk was classified: low risk (under 4 missing teeth, bone loss - age index under 0.5), moderate risk (5 to 8 missing teeth and/or bone loss - age index 0.5 to 1.0) and high risk (more than 9 missing teeth and or bone loss - age index greater than 1.0).ResultsOf 824 patients, 349 were male (42.4%) and 475 female (57.6%); the mean age was 48.32 ± 16.52 years. In 9.0% (n = 74) of PRs, suspected carotid calcification was diagnosed (right: 5.5%, left: 2.3%, both sides: 1.2%). The mean tooth loss was 4.16 ± 5.39 teeth. In the case of 282 patients (34.2%), there was a low, in 335 patients (40.7%) a moderate, and in 207 patients (25.1%) a high periodontal risk. There was a significant correlation found between number of cases of suspected carotid calcification and periodontal risk, tooth loss and age (p = 0.0001). However, only age showed a significant association (OR: 4.9; CI: 2.4-9.8; p < 0.0001) in contrast to periodontal risk (OR 1.4; CI: 0.9-2.4).ConclusionPR can provides indication of carotid calcification as a secondary (chance) finding. In addition, periodontal risk may be correlated with positive findings of carotid calcification.

C–reactive protein levels and the association of carotid artery calcification with tooth loss

“…For example, Bengtsson et al () found a significant association between periodontitis and CAC as measured from PANs in the aging population. However, Tiller et al () found no such association when multivariate regression analysis was performed. Ohba et al () also did not show any differences in periodontal disease severity or number of teeth between subjects with or without CAC.…”

“…Potential factors influencing periodontitis include age, sex, smoking, education, personal habits, and socioeconomic and health status (Genco and Borgnakke, ). Although many researchers controlled confounding factors influencing periodontitis or CVD (Persson et al , ; Desvarieux et al , ; Tiller et al , ), some investigators did not use multivariate analysis to adjust for these risk factors, making it difficult to clearly determine the relationship (Ravon et al , ; Beckstrom et al , ; Bengtsson et al , ). Our study collected comprehensive data on traditional cardiovascular and periodontal risk factors and was strengthened by analyzing these as covariates in statistical analyses.…”

Baş Boyun Bölgesi̇ndeki̇ Yumuşak Doku Kalsi̇fi̇kasyon Ve Ossi̇fi̇kasyonlari

“…Taguchi 17 ve arkadaşları 2013 yılın-da yaptıkları bir çalışmada karotis arter kalsifikasyonu olan hastaların %2,45'inde osteoporoz belirlemişlerdir. Tiller 18 ve arkadaşları da 2011 yılında yaptıkları bir çalışmada periodontal riski yüksek olan hastalarda karotid bölge kalsifikasyonlarına daha fazla rastlandığını bulmuşlar ve bu durumu diyabetes mellitus ve sigara kullanımıyla ilişkilendirmişlerdir.…”

Periodontitis, carotid calcifications and future cardiovascular diseases in older individuals

“…In contrast, Tiller et al [56] failed to show a significant periodontitis risk and radiographic evidence of carotid calcification on PMX when multivariate regression analysis was performed. It should also be recognized that the study by Tiller et al [56] studied the risk of periodontitis and not a diagnosis of periodontitis.…”

“…In individuals with periodontitis, defined as > 1 mm bone loss on a panoramic radiograph, 25.7% of individuals with bilateral carotid calcifications had periodontitis compared to 10.4% among those without carotid calcifications [26]. In contrast, Tiller et al [56] failed to show a significant periodontitis risk and radiographic evidence of carotid calcification on PMX when multivariate regression analysis was performed. It should also be recognized that the study by Tiller et al [56] studied the risk of periodontitis and not a diagnosis of periodontitis.…”