Association Between Cannabis Use and Psychosis-Related Outcomes Using Sibling Pair Analysis in a Cohort of Young Adults

McGrath, John; Welham, Joy; Scott, James G.; Varghese, Daniel; Degenhardt, Louisa; Hayatbakhsh, Mohammad R.; Alati, Rosa; Williams, Gail M.; Bor, William; Najman, Jake M.

doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.6

Cited by 217 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…However, low levels of psychotic symptoms did not predict subsequent initiation of cannabis use in participants who were abstinent at baseline. The issue of confounding socioenvironmental factors was addressed by McGrath et al [17], who used sibling pairs in a study that corroborated the relationship between duration of cannabis use and risk of psychosis [17]. Duration since first cannabis use and subsequent psychosis-related outcome measures remained significant within sibling pairs, suggesting that this relationship is less likely to be explained entirely by unmeasured confounding.…”

Section: Cannabis and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

Manseau

Goff

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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A convergence of evidence shows that use of Cannabis sativa is associated with increased risk of developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, and earlier age at which psychotic symptoms first manifest. Cannabis exposure during adolescence is most strongly associated with the onset of psychosis amongst those who are particularly vulnerable, such as those who have been exposed to child abuse and those with family histories of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia that develops after cannabis use may have a unique clinical phenotype, and several genetic polymorphisms may modulate the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in psychosis both related and unrelated to cannabis exposure, and studying this system holds potential to increase understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Anandamide signaling in the central nervous system may be particularly important. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis can cause symptoms of schizophrenia when acutely administered, and cannabidiol (CBD), another compound in cannabis, can counter many of these effects. CBD may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychosis following cannabis use, as well as schizophrenia, possibly with better tolerability than current antipsychotic treatments. CBD may also have antiinflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Establishing the role of CBD and other CBD-based compounds in treating psychotic disorders will require further human research.

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Section: Cannabis and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

Manseau

Goff

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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“…The involvement of cannabis use in various psychiatric disorders has been established in many studies, including in schizophrenia [14,15], mood disorders [16][17][18][19], depression [20][21][22], anxiety [6] and behavioral disorders among young people. Brook [23,24] examined the association between psychosocial risk and protective factors and cannabis use disorders.…”

Section: Notementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each item is scored on a fourpoint scale from 0 (not present) to 3 (considerable). Subscale scores are divided into 4 ranges: normal (0-7), mild (8-10), moderate (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and severe (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The French version of the HADS was validated by [55].…”

Section: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Hads)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Psychological Factors Associated with High Risk for Cannabis Abuse: Evidence from Multiple Logistic Regression

Bejaoui¹,

Marzouki²

2015

Clin Exp Psychol

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The aim of the present study was to provide a list of psychological variables likely to explain cannabis abuse among adolescents and young adults based on the following psychological risk factors: anxiety, depression, difficulty in describing feelings, difficulty in identifying feelings, and external oriented thought. The analysis was based on the multiple logistic regression technique; the step-wise procedure showed that only anxiety, depression, and difficulty in describing feelings were retained in the final model. Following this, additive versus interactive models under different assumptions between the three independent variables were also assessed. The key findings of this study are twofold: (a) anxiety was revealed to be the primary risk factor for cannabis abuse and (b) no interaction between the aforementioned factors proved to be significantly informative in explaining high risk cannabis abuse. Findings were discussed in the context of the current knowledge of the relationship between anxious and depressive symptoms and higher risk of substance abuse and dependence.

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“…The impact of environmental factors on the clinical phenotype of the disease is widely discussed [1], [2], [3], [4]. Despite the variety of environmental factors (urbanization, population seasonality fertility, migration to a different cultural environment, psychological trauma in childhood, the use of cannabis, obstetric complications, postnatal infections) that have been proven to affect the demonstration of schizophrenia and the formation of the inal state, no evidence-based recommendations on preventive interventions were created in this occasion [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%