Association between Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ma, Lingli; Yu, Jin‐Tai; Wang, Hui-Fu; Meng, Xiangyi; Tan, Chen-Chen; Wang, Chong; Tan, Lei

doi:10.3233/jad-140168

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…A recent meta-analysis reported the existence of an inverse association between cancer and AD (Ma et al, 2014). We offer several cautions about this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Hanson

Horn

Rasmussen

et al. 2016

GERONB

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Objective: Several studies have suggested that cancer is associated with a reduced risk of the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study seeks to improve our understanding of the association between cancer and the development of AD by showing how mortality selection alters this relationship. Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out examining 92,425 individuals (47,873 women and 44,552 men) from the Utah Population Database with and without a history of any primary cancer identified by the Utah Cancer Registry. All individuals were aged 65-79 years and free of dementia in 1992 and followed for upwards of 18 years (1992-2009) for AD ascertainment, which was identified using diagnostic information from Medicare claims data. Results: We replicate previous results suggesting that cancer is associated with reduced risk of subsequent AD under specific statistical model specifications. However, these results should not be interpreted as evidence of an etiological association. We conclude that higher rates of overall mortality among individuals with cancer relative to those without cancer induce the widely reported putative protective association with cancer. Conclusion: Careful consideration of model specification and the profound effects of mortality selection in the older adult population is essential when investigating the relationship between aging-related diseases such as cancer and AD. We show that cancer does not provide protection from AD as previously described in the literature. Social scientists seeking to understand social disparities in disease outcomes among older adults may therefore want to strongly consider the role of mortality selection which, if uncorrected, may generate biased associations.

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“…A recent meta-analysis reported the existence of an inverse association between cancer and AD (Ma et al, 2014). We offer several cautions about this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Hanson

Horn

Rasmussen

et al. 2016

GERONB

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“…Several other studies have reported lower risks of AD diagnosis before and after overall cancer diagnosis or for particular cancer sites . The findings for subpopulations, however, vary across studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Associations between cancer and Alzheimer's disease in a U.S. Medicare population

Freedman

Chen

et al. 2016

Cancer Medicine

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Several studies have reported bidirectional inverse associations between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study evaluates these relationships in a Medicare population. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) linked to Medicare data, 1992–2005, we evaluated cancer risks following AD in a case–control study of 836,947 cancer cases and 142,869 controls as well as AD risk after cancer in 742,809 cancer patients and a non‐cancer group of 420,518. We applied unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazards ratios (HRs). We also evaluated cancer in relation to automobile injuries as a negative control to explore potential study biases. In the case–control analysis, cancer cases were less likely to have a prior diagnosis of AD than controls (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.81–0.92). Cancer cases were also less likely than controls to have prior injuries from automobile accidents to the same degree (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.78–0.88). In the prospective cohort, there was a lower risk observed in cancer survivors, HR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.84–0.90). In contrast, there was no association between cancer diagnosis and subsequent automobile accident injuries (HR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.98–1.07). That cancer risks were similarly reduced after both AD and automobile injuries suggest biases against detecting cancer in persons with unrelated medical conditions. The modestly lower AD risk in cancer survivors may reflect underdiagnosis of AD in those with a serious illness. This study does not support a relationship between cancer and AD.

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“…While diabetes is a known modifiable risk factor for both dementia and cancer, the association between cancer and dementia remains uncertain. Population‐based cohort studies have reported inconsistent risk levels for dementia among individuals with cancer . We therefore conducted a cross‐sectional survey using a prospective Japanese cohort to examine whether having cancer or comorbid cancer and diabetes from midlife increases the risk of physician‐diagnosed dementia.…”

Section: Risks Of MCI Dementia and Cd After Incidence Of Cancer Or mentioning

confidence: 99%

Midlife cancer/diabetes and risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A population‐based prospective cohort study in Japan

Sadahiro

Sawada²,

Matsuoka

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Association between Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Associations between cancer and Alzheimer's disease in a U.S. Medicare population

Midlife cancer/diabetes and risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A population‐based prospective cohort study in Japan

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