Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in South Asian population: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract

1Although there has been a well-established association between adiposity and 2 hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian 3 populations or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We analysed 4 the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and 5Nepal to estimate the age-specific prevalence of hypertension and the association of 6 body mass index (BMI) with hypertension. We used multiple logistic regressions to 7 estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension 8 for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. The overall 9 prevalence for hypertension among participants aged 35-44 years were 17.4%, 20%, 10 and 22.5% for Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. For all age groups, men 11 were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in 12Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of 13 hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI, the ORs for 14 hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65-1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58-1.61), and 2.03 15 (95% CI: 1.90-2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations 16 between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by 17 sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household's wealth index. Our study 18shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian 19 populations, and public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI 20 would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension. population level. [9][10][11] In addition, looking at the association in subgroups defined by 15 sex, age, urbanicity, and socioeconomic status is crucial to understand how 16 consistent the association between BMI and hypertension is across different groups. 17There is no study, to the best of our knowledge, which looked at the association of 18 BMI with hypertension across different groups in nationally-representative samples 19from South Asian countries. 20In this study, we aim to examine the age-specific prevalence of hypertension in three 21 South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. We also systematically 22 assess the association between overweight-obesity and hypertension using different 23 cut-offs, and how the association between BMI and hypertension varies across a 24wide variety of subgroups of population. 25 METHODS 1 Study design and data sources 2This study is based on three South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, and 3Nepal. Recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for these countries had 4 information on both blood pressure and anthropometry for adult population. 5 DHS are periodical nationally-representative household surveys which provide data 6 for a wide range of variables on population, health, and nutrition. These surveys 7 usually are conducted by a national implementing agency with technical assistances 8 provided by the DHS program. Surveys are based on tw...

Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension according to JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines in Bangladesh

“…This study identified the potential risk factors of hypertension using both JNC 7 and 2017 ACC/AHA guideline alongside to the estimation of the prevalence. People of older age 25 to more, overweight, and obese had relatively higher odds, which is in line with previous studies elsewhere 6,12,[45][46][47] . Notably, in the current study, administrative divisions were also found significantly associated with hypertension in line with suggest 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines.…”

Estimated Change in Prevalence of Hypertension in Bangladesh According to Following JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017: Secondary Analysis From Nationally Representative Data

“…This study identi ed the potential risk factors of hypertension using both JNC 7 and 2017 ACC/AHA guideline alongside to the estimation of the prevalence. People of older age 25 to more, female, overweight, and obese had relatively higher odds, which is in line with previous studies elsewhere 6,11,[43][44][45] . Notably, in the current study, administrative divisions, and place of residence were also found signi cantly associated with hypertension inline with suggest 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines.…”

Nutritional Status and Prevalence of Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetes Patients from Selected Hospitals in Dhaka City

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