Association between body composition and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents

Xiao, Wei; Chen, Qianyun; Ding, Xiaohu; Chang, Billy; He, Miao

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14946

Cited by 20 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this study, several lipid parameters were related to CRAE in adolescents, whereas the associations were not statistically significant in children. Similar findings were also revealed by our previous analysis on the association between body composition and retinal vascular calibres10. The exact mechanism under the findings may not be readily available, but it might be due to the rapid changes and physical growth across age groups, especially entering into puberty.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Due to the shared anatomical and physiological similarities between the retinal, cerebral and myocardial microvasculature, retinal vessels is considered as a favorable surrogate for the systemic microvascular system. By using digital retinal photography and computer-aided analysis technique, many subtle but quantifiable signs, typically the retinal vascular calibre, were found to be associated with various systemic, environmental and genetic factors, such as body mass index (BMI)9, body fat deposition10, and inflammatory markers11. As for serum lipid indices, the Blue Mountains Eye Study12 showed that elevated HDL-C was associated with narrower retinal arterioles and venules among people older than 49 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serum lipid profiles and dyslipidaemia are associated with retinal microvascular changes in children and adolescents

Xiao

Guo

Ding

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The present study aims to assess the relationship between serum lipid parameters and retinal microvascular calibres in children and adolescents. A total of 950 participants aged 7 to 19 years were recruited. Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) were measured from digital retinal images. Serological testing was performed to obtain lipid profiles. Dyslipidaemia was defined according to the US national expert panel guideline. After adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial blood pressure, axial length, body mass index and the fellow retinal vascular calibre, no significant association was found between retinal vascular diameters and any lipid parameters (all P > 0.05) in children younger than 12 years. Among the adolescents 12 years and older, increased triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoB were associated with decrease in CRAE (β = −1.33, −1.83, −1.92 and −7.18, P = 0.031, 0.003, 0.006, and 0.009, respectively). Compared with normolipidemic counterparts, adolescents with dyslipidaemia had significantly narrower retinal arteriolar diameters. No significant relationship between lipid subclass levels and CRVE was revealed in adolescents. The present findings suggest that the elevation of atherogenic lipids in adolescents is closely related to the adverse changes of retinal arterioles. Dyslipidaemia may affect systemic microvasculature from childhood on.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum lipid profiles and dyslipidaemia are associated with retinal microvascular changes in children and adolescents

Xiao

Guo

Ding

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Cross-sectional(CS) population-based studies have shown that increased body mass indices (BMI) are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and increased retinal venular diameter among adults [19-21]. These findings are in agreement with data from studies with healthy child populations, indicating a possible effect of obesity and/or SAH on early alterations to microvascular structure in childhood [22-25]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Three studies assessed both SAH and overweight [34, 36, 37]. Further five studies assessed SAH [10, 38-41] and the remaining eleven studies assessed the effects of overweight [6, 22, 24, 25, 35, 42-47], as described in Tables ( 1 and 2 ). The methodological quality of the studies is described in (Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Signs Related to Overweight and Arterial Hypertension in Children: A Systematic Review

Schuh¹,

Piccoli²,

Paiani³

et al. 2017

TOOPHTJ

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Background:The ocular effects of obesity and hypertension need to be established and can be used as prognostic markers.Objective:To estimate the prevalence of ophthalmological alterations in children and adolescents who are overweight and/or have SAH.Methods:The database for this study included all observational studies (CS, cohort, case-control and “baseline” description of randomized clinical trials) with children and/or adolescents who were overweight, obese or had SAH and that measured ophthalmological alterations.Results:Comparative studies with healthy children demonstrated positive association between body adiposity with retinal venular dilation, and SAH with retinal arteriolar narrowing. Different retinal fundus cameras and computer-assisted programs to evaluate the retinal vessels, variations in the methods of analysis, adjustments, populations, were the main arguments against formal meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was too high (I2 >90%, in fixed or randomized effects), and the lack of linearity, normal distribution and homoscedasticity did not recommend meta-regression.Conclusion:Obesity and SAH show associations with ophthalmological alterations, especially with retinal vessel diameter. Lack of standardization does not allow a quantitative evaluation.

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“…However, increasing BMI is associated with increasing retinal venular caliber over time in children [6]. In adolescents, greater body fat deposition is related to narrower retinal arterioles and wider retinal venules [23]. Progressive retinal venular widening could be a manifestation of an adverse microvascular effect of obesity early in life [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ophthalmic manifestations according to insulin resistance, lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children

Kurtul¹,

Kabataş²,

Özer³

et al. 2017

Eye Care Vis

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Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the ophthalmic manifestations in terms of insulin resistance (IR), lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children.Methods: Subjects (aged from 5 to17 years) were divided into 2 groups according to their body mass index (BMI) percentiles as obese and non-obese and 4 subgroups according to absence or presence of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and pubertal status. Sixty obese children (BMI >95th percentile), 58 healthy control subjects with the same age range (BMI <85th percentile) were admitted to this prospective study. Demographic features and laboratory measurements of subjects were recorded. Ophthalmological examination, including ocular surface parameters, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness (CCT), and biometric measurements were assed among subgroups. Results:The subjects in obese group were significantly more hypertensive than control group [13 patients (21.7%), and 1 patient (1.7%) respectively, (p=0.001)]. Incidence of hyperinsulinism and the homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) levels and of obese children were significantly higher than control group (p=0.003, and p=0.034, respectively). The rate of hypertensive retinopathy was significantly higher in obesity (+) hyperlipidemia (+) subgroup (p=0.002). The mean CCT values were significantly lower in obesity (+) IR (+) subgroup (p=0.023). Schirmer test scores were significantly lower in obesity (-) subgroups regardless of IR, lipid and pubertal status. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that decreased CCT levels may be related to presence of IR in obese children. The coexistence of hypertensive retinopathy with hyperlipidemia may occur in childhood obesity.

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Association between body composition and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Serum lipid profiles and dyslipidaemia are associated with retinal microvascular changes in children and adolescents

Serum lipid profiles and dyslipidaemia are associated with retinal microvascular changes in children and adolescents

Ocular Signs Related to Overweight and Arterial Hypertension in Children: A Systematic Review

Evaluation of ophthalmic manifestations according to insulin resistance, lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children

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