Association between blood pressure and dietary intakes of sodium and potassium among US adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007–2014

Li, Meng; Yan, Shoumeng; Li, Xing; Jiang, Shan; Ma, Xiaoyu; Zhao, Hantong; Li, Jiagen; Sun, Chong; Jin, Lina; Yao, Yan; Li, Bo

doi:10.1038/s41371-019-0224-9

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Further, we found that gender could modify the association between total carbohydrate intake and BP in this Chinese population. Consistent with previous evidence that dietary nutrients intake resulted in varied effect at different quintiles of SBP and DBP, 23 our study showed that per 50 increment of total carbohydrate intake was positively associated with SBP at low and high quantiles (10th-20th and 60th-80th) and with DBP almost across whole distribution (30th-90th) in females. Further study on reasons for this variation was warranted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…21 22 In addition, most previous studies assumed SBP or DBP as normal distribution, although a skewed and gender-specific distribution was observed among national-level, large-scale population. 23 And the effect of dietary factors might reasonably be hypothesised to vary across the SBP and DBP distribution. 23 Therefore, this study was conducted to assess how the whole continuum SBP and DBP was associated with dietary overall carbohydrates intake in grams using quantile regression (QR) model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 And the effect of dietary factors might reasonably be hypothesised to vary across the SBP and DBP distribution. 23 Therefore, this study was conducted to assess how the whole continuum SBP and DBP was associated with dietary overall carbohydrates intake in grams using quantile regression (QR) model. We also investigated effect modification by gender and allowed for the possibility of non-linear relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-specific association between carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure in Chinese adults

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2021

BMJNPH

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BackgroundThe association between dietary carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure (BP) is controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible gender-specific association of carbohydrate across the whole BP distribution.MethodCross-sectional survey including 2241 rural adults was conducted in northwestern China in 2010. BP was measured by trained medical personnel. Dietary information was collected by semiquantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire. Multivariate quantile regression model was used to estimate the association between total carbohydrates consumption and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at different quantiles. Gender-specific β coefficient and its 95% CI was calculated.ResultsThe average carbohydrate intake was 267.4 (SD 112.0) g/day in males and 204.9 (SD 90.7) g/day in females, with only 10.6% of males and 6.5% females consumed at least 65% of total energy from carbohydrates. And more than 80% carbohydrates were derived from refined grains. In females, increased total carbohydrates intake was associated with adverse SBP and DBP. An additional 50 g carbohydrates per day was positively associated with SBP at low and high quantiles (10th–20th and 60th–80th) and with DBP almost across whole distribution (30th–90th), after adjusting for age, fortune index, family history of hypertension, body mass index, physical activity level, alcohol intake and smoke, energy, two nutrient principal components, protein and sodium intake. Both relatively low and high carbohydrate intake were associated with increased SBP, with minimum level observed at 130–150 g carbohydrate intake per day from restricted cubic splines. However, no significant associations were observed in males.ConclusionsHigher total carbohydrates consumption might have an adverse impact on both SBP and DBP in Chinese females but not males. Additionally, the positive association varies across distribution of BP quantiles. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and clarify the causality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-specific association between carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure in Chinese adults

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2021

BMJNPH

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“…18 Potassium has further been found to partially attenuate the relationship between sodium and blood pressure. 19 These findings prompt the assessment of potassium intake and, more comprehensively, the ratio between sodium and potassium as focal areas that may have a prominent role in supporting cardiovascular health. 16,17,20,21 Mechanistically, potassium may influence the development and progression of cardiovascular related outcomes, including stroke, 16 through inflammation pathways, 17,20 arterial stiffness 20 or blood pressure.…”

Section: Electrolytes and Cardiovascular Disease Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Bennett

Deslippe

Crosby

et al. 2020

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

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The relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure is a well-studied phenomenon; however, the impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease risk and mortality is controversial. Recent studies conclude that weak evidence exists to support sodium restriction for the prevention of cardiovascular mortality in normotensive and hypertensive adults, suggesting that sodium restriction may be an ineffective strategy for disease prevention. Further evidence points to the importance of balancing sodium and potassium intake, a balance commonly achieved with a healthier diet containing greater quantities of fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this article is to highlight dietary strategies that may prove to be more effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Limitations of current methods used to estimate nutrient intake are described as they relate to this topic. Further research is needed to advance understanding of various aspects of dietary intake that are health protective and allow for the development of more effective public education strategies.

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“…antihypertensive medication use, lipid levels, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. [2][3][4][5][6] Secondly, while added sugar intake has been associated with adverse outcomes, several studies have suggested that higher proportional carbohydrate intake (vs. fat or protein intake) up to a threshold is associated with decreased mortality. 3,[7][8][9] In fact, Seidelmann et al 7 found, in a United States study of 15 428 adults aged 45-64, that those with 50%-55% of calories derived from carbohydrates had significant mortality benefit compared to those consuming >70% or <40% of calories from carbohydrates.…”

Section: Everything In Moderation: Understanding the Interplay Betweementioning

confidence: 99%

Everything in moderation: Understanding the interplay between salt and sugar intake

Visaria

Shahani

Shah

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Association between blood pressure and dietary intakes of sodium and potassium among US adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007–2014

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Gender-specific association between carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure in Chinese adults

Gender-specific association between carbohydrate consumption and blood pressure in Chinese adults

Electrolytes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Everything in moderation: Understanding the interplay between salt and sugar intake

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