Association between animal age and the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in a cohort of beef cattle

Mir, Raies A.; Weppelmann, Thomas A.; Kang, Myeong Jin; Bliss, Todd M.; DiLorenzo, Nicolás; Lamb, G. C.; Ahn, Soohyoun; Jeong, Kwang Cheol

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.016

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Heifers (animals at least 1 year of age) had a significantly lower prevalence and lower shedding than cows (animals at least 2 years old with at least one calf) but higher concentrations of bacteria, when these were present. The prevalence of STEC was highest in 2-year-old cows, and it showed a decrease in older animals (Mir et al 2015). Higher STEC prevalence and shedding were associated with younger cattle age in beef cattle (Cray and Moon 1995;Zhao et al 2013).…”

Section: Cattle-specific Factors Involved In Super-sheddingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Escherichia coli, cattle and the propagation of disease

Stein

Katz

2017

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Several early models describing host-pathogen interaction have assumed that each individual host has approximately the same likelihood of becoming infected or of infecting others. More recently, a concept that has been increasingly emphasized in many studies is that for many infectious diseases, transmission is not homogeneous but highly skewed at the level of populations. In what became known as the '20/80 rule', about 20% of the hosts in a population were found to contribute to about 80% of the transmission potential. These heterogeneities have been described for the interaction between many microorganisms and their human or animal hosts. Several epidemiological studies have reported transmission heterogeneities for Escherichia coli by cattle, a phenomenon with far-reaching agricultural, medical and public health implications. Focusing on E. coli as a case study, this paper will describe super-spreading and super-shedding by cattle, review the main factors that shape these transmission heterogeneities and examine the interface with human health. Escherichia coli super-shedding and super-spreading by cattle are shaped by microorganism-specific, cattle-specific and environmental factors. Understanding the factors that shape heterogeneities in E. coli dispersion by cattle and the implications for human health represent key components that are critical for targeted infection control initiatives.

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Section: Cattle-specific Factors Involved In Super-sheddingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Escherichia coli, cattle and the propagation of disease

Stein

Katz

2017

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…The isolation and characterization of STEC from cattle is essential for the development of diagnostic and control tools to avoid the transmission of STEC to humans through the consumption of bovine derived contaminated food. In recent studies, the prevalence of STEC in beef cattle were investigated and a strong correlation between age and shedding was found (Mir et al, 2014). Calves have been identified as the major excretors of STEC decreasing with the growth of the animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data revealed that calves were more likely to shed STEC during the first 6 months, peaked at 2 years of age and declines as the animal matured. It was found that diversity of gut microflora could be a reason for that variation (Mir et al, 2014, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Distribution of Putative Virulence and Colonization Factors in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Different Categories of Cattle

Cáceres

Etcheverría

Fernández

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are pathogens of significant public health concern. Several studies have confirmed that cattle are the main reservoir of STEC in Argentina and other countries. Although Shiga toxins represent the primary virulence factors of STEC, the adherence and colonization of the gut are also important in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the presence of putative virulence factors codified in plasmid -katP, espP, subA, stcE- and adhesins involved in colonization of cattle -efa1, iha- in 255 native STEC strains isolated from different categories of cattle from different production systems. The most prevalent gene in all strains was espP, and the less prevalent was stcE. katP was highly detected in strains isolated from young and rearing calves (33.3%), while subA was predominant in those isolated from adults (71.21%). Strains from young calves showed the highest percentage of efa1 (72.46%), while iha showed a high distribution in strains from rearing calves and adults (87.04 and 98.48% respectively). It was observed that espP and iha were widely distributed throughout all strains, whereas katP, stcE, and efa1 were more associated with the presence of eae and subA with the eae-negative strains. A great proportion of eae-negative strains were isolated from adults -dairy and grazing farms- and from rearing calves -dairy and feedlot-, while mostly of the eae-positive strains were isolated from dairy young calves. Data exposed indicate a correlation between the category of the animal and the production systems with the presence or absence of several genes implicated in adherence and virulence of STEC.

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“…Individual cows can be transiently colonised for periods of 30-60 days but colonisation usually does not persist (Hancock et al, 1994;Hancock et al, 1997). Indeed, prevalence of STEC in cows decreased as the cows matured (Mir et al, 2015;Mir et al, 2016). Prevalence in cows has also been found to have a seasonal distribution with higher numbers isolated in summer than in winter (Hancock et al, 1994;Hancock et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population and evolutionary dynamics of Shiga‐toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 in a beef herd: A longitudinal study

Jones

Octavia

Lammers

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) is naturally found in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and can cause severe disease in humans. There is limited understanding of the population dynamics and microevolution of STEC O157 at herd level. In this study, isolates from a closed beef herd of 23 cows were used to examine the population turnover in the herd. Of the nine STEC O157 clades previously described, clade 7 was found in 162 of the 169 isolates typed. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) differentiated 169 isolates into 33 unique MLVA types. Five predominant MLVA types were evident with most of the remaining types containing only a single isolate. MLVA data suggest that over time clonal replacement occurred within the herd. Genome sequencing of 18 selected isolates found that the isolates were divided into four lineages, representing four different 'clones' in the herd. Genome data confirmed clonal replacement over time and provided evidence of cross transmission of strains between cows. The findings enhanced our understanding of the population dynamics of STEC O157 in its natural host that will help developing effective control measures to prevent the spread of the pathogen to the human population.

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Association between animal age and the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in a cohort of beef cattle

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Escherichia coli, cattle and the propagation of disease

Escherichia coli, cattle and the propagation of disease

Variation in the Distribution of Putative Virulence and Colonization Factors in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Different Categories of Cattle

Population and evolutionary dynamics of Shiga‐toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 in a beef herd: A longitudinal study

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