Association between angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and exercise performance in patients with COPD

Abstract

The ACE gene may be involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle aerobic work efficiency, but is not associated with the ventilatory responses to exercise in COPD patients.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition as an Adjunct to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…In line with this, individuals with genetically low serum and tissue ACE levels, which is associated with a polymorphism of the human ACE gene, have improved exercise characteristics in both healthy and athletic populations (16,17) and improved mechanical efficiency in response to training (18). Notably, patients with COPD who possess the same genotype were shown to have greater peak workload during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing than those with higher intrinsic levels of ACE activity (19). Observational work has also shown that the bradykinin receptor polymorphism leading to reduced activity at the bradykinin receptor (19/19 BK 2 R) is associated with both reduced fat-free mass and quadriceps strength in COPD (20,21).…”

The insertion/deletion polymorphism in the ACE gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Kanazawa et al (2002) investigated the association between ACE polymorphisms and tissue oxygenation during exercise in patients with COPD and concluded that the ACE DD genotype might be associated with a disturbance in peripheral tissue oxygenation during exercise in patients with COPD. Zhang et al (2008) reported an association between the ACE gene polymorphism and exercise ventilatory response and skeletal muscle aerobic work efficiency in COPD patients. Their study indicates that the ACE gene may be involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle aerobic work efficiency, but is not associated with exercise ventilatory responses in COPD patients.…”

“…ACE is a component of the systemic and tissue RAS, which play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, sodium and water homeostasis, and tissue growth. The local RAS is found in a variety of tissues, including lung and skeletal muscle, and has a diverse range of functions that are often distinct from those of the systemic RAS (Zhang et al, 2008). Functional genetic polymorphic variants have been identified in most of the components of RAS, of which the best known and studied is a polymorphism in the ACE gene.…”

“…This polymorphism is characterized by the presence [insertion (I)] or absence [deletion (D)], in the intron, of a 287-bp nonsense DNA domain, resulting in 3 genotypes (II, DI, and DD) at this locus. The I/D polymorphism accounts for 20 to 50% of the variance in ACE expression or activity in blood and tissues among individuals (Rigat et al, 1992;Busquets et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008Zhang et al, , 2011. ACE activity is consistently the highest in DD subjects, intermediate in ID subjects, and the lowest in II subjects (Brice et al, 1995;Ucar et al, 1997;Busquets et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008).…”

“…Molecular epidemiology studies showed that ACE gene polymorphisms are closely associated with pulmonary disorders (Ahsan et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2008). We examined the prevalence of the ACE I/D polymorphism in COPD patients.…”