Association between anatomical distribution of symptomatic peripheral artery disease and cerebrovascular disease

Abstract

Aim Peripheral arterial disease is frequently associated with significant atherosclerosis of other vascular beds. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible association between peripheral arterial disease segment-specific disease burden and cerebrovascular disease. Methods Two-hundred and twenty-six patients with clinically symptomatic peripheral arterial disease from the prospective PureASO registry were followed up after revascularization. The breadth of peripheral arterial disease was quantified at the time patients entered the study. The segment-specific peripheral arterial disease burden was correlated to cerebrovascular disease and imaging findings during a five-year follow-up. Results At five years, cerebrovascular disease-free survival after lower limb revascularization was 31%. Patients with peripheral arterial disease involving the crural arteries had significantly more ischemic degenerative changes at brain imaging ( p = 0.031), whereas patients with aorto-iliac and femoropopliteal segment peripheral arterial disease had more significant (>50% uni- or bilaterally) internal carotid artery stenosis compared to patients with crural peripheral arterial disease ( p = 0.006). According to Cox regression analyses, crural arteries burden was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (adjusted HR 2.07, CI 95% 1.12–3.28, p = 0.021) and cerebrovascular events (adjusted HR 1.97, CI 95% 1.19–3.26, p = 0.008). Conclusions Present results suggest that atherosclerosis burden at different lower limb artery segments is associated with defined cerebrovascular disease. This further suggests that risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms are congruent across particular vascular beds.

Long-Term Effectiveness of Cilostazol in Patients with Hemodialysis with Peripheral Artery Disease

“…However, knowledge regarding ED visits of patients with HD with PAD is insufficient. Patients with HD with PAD are believed to have more frequent ED visits because PAD serves as an important marker for advanced systemic atherosclerosis, which increases the risk for CAD, cerebrovascular disease, vascular dysfunction, morbidity, and mortality [3][4][5] . In the present study, reduced HRs indicated that continuous use of cilostazol decreased ED visits during long-term follow-up in the HD with PAD population.…”

“…Critical limb ischemia (CLI), an advanced stage of PAD, is defined by the presence of ischemic rest pain, ulcers, or gangrene and is noted for its high amputation rate 2) . In addition to amputation, PAD is linked to increased cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and mortality [3][4][5] . PAD is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease…”

A BERT‐BiGRU‐CRF Model for Entity Recognition of Chinese Electronic Medical Records

“…, x t ), it calculates the score of each location, shown in formula (10). Secondly, calculate the probability of normalized sequence y through the Softmax function, shown in formula (11). Finally, the label sequence with the highest score is calculated using the Viterbi algorithm, shown in formula (12):…”

“…At present, the scientific research of machine learning in the field of CVD mainly focuses on two aspects: diagnosis and prognosis prediction of cerebrovascular disease: (1) From the perspective of CVD diagnosis, most scholars use structured data to nest machine learning models to complete disease diagnosis. e literature [10][11][12] established a joint diagnosis model based on logitic regression method and XGBoost machine learning method by collecting clinical data of demographic characteristics. (2) From the perspective of prognosis prediction, the use of machine learning methods for risk prediction has gradually become the trend of disease prediction, while machine learning methods such as random forest, decision tree, SVM, and other machine learning methods have achieved certain research results in the prediction of cerebrovascular diseases.…”

Aortic calcification index predicts mortality and cardiovascular events in operatively treated patients with peripheral artery disease: A prospective PURE ASO cohort follow-up study

“…Crural arteries atherosclerosis and low anklebrachial index (ABI) are associated with poor survival and cardiovascular events in PAD patients [4][5][6][7] . Recently our group reported that PAD lesions on different levels correlate with carotid and intracranial arteries atherosclerotic lesions and certain cytokine levels are higher in patients with more severe PAD 8,9 . Current Guidelines point out risk factors on a broad scale mainly based on demographic factors 10,11 .…”