Association between ambient PM2.5 and emergency department visits for psychiatric emergency diseases

Abstract

a b s t r a c tBackground: Whether or not short-term exposure to particulate matter b2.5 μm in diameter (PM 2.5 ) increases the risk of psychiatric emergency diseases is unclear. Methods: The study was performed in a metropolis from January 2015 to December 2016. The exposure was PM 2.5 , and the confounders were weather (temperature and humidity) and other pollutants (PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, O 3 , and NO 2 ). The outcomes were emergency department (ED) visits with psychiatric disease codes (F00-F99 in ICD10 codes). General additive models were used for the statistical analysis to calculate the adjusted relative risks (ARRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the daily number of ED visits with a lag of 1 to 3 days following a 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 . Results: During the study period, a total of 67,561 ED visits for psychiatric diseases were identified and tested for association with PM 2.5 . Daily ED visits for all psychiatric diseases were not associated with PM 2.5 in the model that was not adjusted for other pollutants. The ARR (95% CI) in the model adjusted for SO 2 was 1.011 (1.002-1.021) by 10 μg/m 3 of PM 2.5 on Lag 1 for all psychiatric diseases (F00-F99). The ARR (95% CI) in the model adjusted for O 3 was 1.015 (1.003-1.029) by 10 μg/m 3 of PM 2.5 on Lag 1 for F40-F49 (Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders). Conclusion: An increase in PM 2.5 showed a significant association with an increase in ED visits for all psychiatric diseases (F00-F99) and for neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-F49) on lag day 1.

Air pollutants and daily number of admissions to psychiatric emergency services: evidence for detrimental mental health effects of ozone

“…Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find a positive association between most of the air pollutants considered in our study, such as PM 10 , PM 2.5 , CO and NO 2 . This is in contrast with previous literature on this subject (Szyszkowicz et al ., 2009 , 2010 , 2018 ; Mehta et al ., 2015 ; Power et al ., 2015 ; Chen et al ., 2018 ; Duan et al ., 2018 ; Eguchi et al ., 2018 ; Kim et al ., 2018 ; Oudin et al ., 2018 ; Shin et al ., 2018 ; Song et al ., 2018 ; Bai et al ., 2019 ; Lee et al ., 2019 ; Qiu et al ., 2019 ).…”

“…Similarly, long-term exposure to ambient air pollution could be an independent risk factor for mental health disorders ranging from subjective stress to depressive disorders and suicidal ideation (Shin et al ., 2018 ). Recent studies analysing the association between daily levels of air pollutants and hospital admissions for mental disorders showed significant results for different pollutants considered both for admissions for generic mental disorders (Chen et al ., 2018 ; Kim et al ., 2018 ; Song et al ., 2018 ; Lee et al ., 2019 ; Qiu et al ., 2019 ) and for specific diagnoses such as schizophrenia (Gao et al ., 2017 ; Duan et al ., 2018 ; Bai et al ., 2019 ), depression (Szyszkowicz et al ., 2016 ; Wang et al ., 2018 ) and substance abuse (Szyszkowicz et al ., 2018 ).…”

Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with perceived indoor environmental quality and workplace factors in under and aboveground workplaces

“…While previous studies have reported a relationship between IEQ and sleep quality [48], musculoskeletal disorders [49], sick building syndrome [50][51][52], sensorial symptoms [53] and performance at work [54] this study demonstrated that perceived IEQ parameters, namely air quality, thermal comfort, noise and lighting in the workplace were associated with psychological distress. While air quality has long been known to impact our physical health, its effect on our mental health has only recently come to fore [55][56][57]. A recent exploratory study using a dataset with more than 150 million individuals from the US and Denmark reported a significant association between air pollution exposure and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders [55].…”

Association of environmental and socioeconomic indicators with serious mental illness diagnoses identified from general practitioner practice data in England: A spatial Bayesian modelling study

“…Lastly, in terms of environmental characteristics, the association between PM 2.5 with SMI prevalence we observed in this study is consistent with previous research. Air pollutants affect the brain in several ways [4], are responsible for the activation of inflammatory processes [73], and are linked with increased hospital admissions for mental illnesses [74][75][76], so it was expected that LSOAs with high levels of PM 2.5 would report high SMI prevalence rates.…”