Association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene rs671 G>A polymorphism and alcoholic liver cirrhosis in southern Chinese Hakka population

Abstract

Background Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) endangering people's health. The association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms and ALC is not clear. To analyze the relationship between ALDH2 and ALC among Hakka population in southern China. Methods A total of 292 ALC patients and 278 controls were included in the study. The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐gene chip. Relevant information and medical records of these participants were collected. Results The ALC patients had higher percentage of smoking, lower prevalence of hypertension, higher level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (Tbil), and direct bilirubin (Dbil), lower level of total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) than controls. The proportions of the G/A genotype (p = 0.017), G/A plus A/A genotype (p = 0.023) and A allele (p = 0.031) were significantly higher in ALC patients than that of controls. ALC patients with G/A genotype had higher TC, HDL‐C, and Apo‐A1 than those with G/G genotype, while with A allele had higher HDL‐C, and Apo‐A1 than those with G allele. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ALDH2 SNP rs671 G/A plus A/A genotypes (A allele carriers) (OR 2.030, 95% CI 1.109–3.715, p = 0.022) in the dominant model was the risk factor for ALC. Conclusions ALDH2 A allele (G/A + A/A genotypes) increased the risk of developing ALC among Hakka people in southern China. The results should enrich the relevant data and provide valuable information for the future related research.

ALDH2 Polymorphism rs671 *1/*2 Genotype is a Risk Factor for the Development of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis in Hakka Alcoholics

“…Zeng et al analyzed the relationship between ALDH2 genotypes, serum liver enzymes, serum lipid levels, serum protein levels and ALC in Hakka population, and logistic regression analysis showed that ALDH2 rs671 A allele increased the risk of developing ALC after adjustment for smoking and alcohol consumption. 50 Our results are consistent with the study. The alcohol intake and ALDH2 enzyme activity of individuals with *1/*2 heterozygotes are in the middle level, which leads to the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body and makes them more susceptible to alcoholic diseases.…”

Association of ADH1C and ALDH2 genes with alcohol dependence in south Indian Tamilian population

“…Borras et al, also reported no association between AD and ADH1C*1 in European individuals [34]. These reports are contradictory, since the protective effect of Ile350 against risk of AD is consistently reported in different Asian populations [35,36] than in non-Asian populations [19,37]. However, in a Turkish study, rs698 was not associated with AD whereas rs1229984 (Arg47His, also referred to as ADH1B*2) which is in high linkage disequilibrium with rs698 was associated with AD [38].…”

“…Previous reports have consistently shown the protective effect of ALDH2*2 in east Asians [17][18][19]. Genetic variants of ADH1C and ALDH2 were demonstrated to be significantly associated with AD especially in east Asian population including a meta-analysis [12,[19][20][21].The association between the welldocumented variants rs698 and rs671 is much less explored especially in south Indian population. The aim of the present study is to establish the allele and genotype frequencies of rs698 and rs671 and also to test for association between these two SNPs and AD in the south Indian Tamilian population.…”

“…Individuals homozygous for this variant have no enzyme activity and heterozygous individuals show 30 to 50% activity [16]. Previous reports have consistently shown the protective effect of ALDH2*2 in east Asians [17][18][19]. Genetic variants of ADH1C and ALDH2 were demonstrated to be significantly associated with AD especially in east Asian population including a meta-analysis [12,[19][20][21].The association between the welldocumented variants rs698 and rs671 is much less explored especially in south Indian population.…”

The Clinical Significance of Lipids/Lipoproteins Impairment in the Context of Cirrhosis: An Updated Review

“…The most important single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ALDH2 gene is the Glu504Lys polymorphism (SNP rs671, G>A, GAA>AAA), and the ALDH2 rs671 G>A SNP polymorphism has been proven to be a susceptibility site to develop ALC in the southern Chinese Hakka population. 9 The levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) were higher among patients with ALC and the G/A genotype in comparison with those with the G/G genotype, while the levels of HDL-C and apoA-I were lower in patients with the G allele in comparison with those with the A allele. Generally, ALDH2 can affect the serum lipid levels through the regulation of oxidative stress in vivo; therefore, gene variation may give rise to dyslipidemia.…”