Association between alcohol and drug use and arrest for driving under the influence after crash involvement in a rural area of Norway: a case–control study

Jamt, Ragnhild Elén Gjulem; Gjerde, Hallvard; Romeo, Giovanni; Bogstrand, Stig Tore

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023563

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This outcome is in keeping with previous research that found a similar higher prevalence of DUIA among males and younger adults in the USA 42 46 47 and Norway. 48 In Jamaica, the legal age limit for purchasing alcohol and acquiring a driver's license is 18 years. 20 49 These legal coincidences likely explain this observation among younger drivers, as research has shown an association between securing a driver's license and increased substance use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drunk driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Jamaica

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of alcohol use patterns, sociodemographic factors and risk of alcohol dependence among vehicle drivers in Jamaica.DesignA secondary data analysis.SettingThis study was conducted using the Jamaica National Drug Prevalence Survey 2016 dataset.ParticipantsThis included 1060 vehicle drivers derived from the population sample of 4623. The participants from each household were randomly selected as the respondent for the survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAlcohol use and dependence were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire. Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) was assessed by questions regarding its use in the past 12 months. The analysis involved the use of Pearson’s χ2test and logistic regression.Results75% of Jamaicans reported lifetime alcohol use. Approximately 65% of drivers indicated that they currently drink alcohol. 18% of drivers who currently drink alcohol admitted to DUIA. Reportedly, 54.5% of these drivers were alcohol binge drinkers, with 41.5% also driving under the influence of cannabis. The bivariate analysis demonstrated that DUIA was higher among Christian participants and those who worked in non-machine operator jobs (p=0.002 and p=0.008, respectively). Vehicle drivers altogether and drivers who drive under the influence of alcohol had significant associations with hazardous drinking (p=0.011 and p<0.001, respectively). Logistic regressions highlighted drivers 34 years and under (p=0.012), male drivers (p=0.002) and the head of the household (p=0.050) were 1.82, 3.30 and 1.86 times more likely, respectively, to report driving under the influence of alcohol in the past year.ConclusionsThe prevalence of alcohol use among Jamaica’s population and vehicle drivers is high. That one in five drivers, who currently consume alcohol, also admits to driving under the influence suggests the urgent need for mitigation strategies and legislative action as part of a preventative effort to reduce drunk driving.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drunk driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Jamaica

et al. 2023

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“…Also, it is estimated that around 5 % -7 % of fatal crashes were attributed to drink driving [22]. There are numerous published results of studies on the influence of antidepressants, opiates, alcohol, psychoactive substances and various diseases on the number and outcome of traffic accidents [16,17,23,19]. Benzodiazepines are considered "light psychoactive drugs" which do not produce much effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzodiazepines consumptions: Influence on traffic accidents

Marković¹,

Nakarada²,

Vukovic³

et al. 2021

Hosp Pharm Int Multi J

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Introduction: Benzodiazepines belong to the group of anxiolytic sedatives and the most prescribed drugs in the world. Since these drugs have a potential for rapid anxiolytic effect and sedation, as well as driver capability impairment, there is a lack data of safety of benzodiazepines in traffic accidents. The aim: To make an assessment of the interconnection of time series of traffic accidents outcomes with time series of Benzodiazepine anxiolytic consumption in the Republic of Serbia. Methods: This paper is a part of IV phase academic study regarding the factors potentially affecting Benzodiazepine consumption and effects. We conducted a pharmaco-epidemiological time series analysis study of monthly sold Benzodiazepine anxiolytics in pharmacies and indicators of the crush road outcome on a monthly basis in the Republic of Serbia. The research was performed from January 2014 to December 2018. Results: Applying ARIMAX modeling we found a significantly link between DID of alprazolam with monthly total traffic accident, a high stochastic regression positive association of DID of Diazepam with the dependent variable monthly total traffic accident, the prediction of monthly fatalities of traffic accident or traffic accident with severe or slight injuries per total traffic accident we have demonstrated positive influence of DID of alprazolam in second-order autoregressive and moving average model with constant. In prediction of monthly fatalities traffic accident, a significant positive influence of DID of benzodiazepines (all together) in auto-regression model without constant was demonstrated. Conclusion: Consumption of both long-acting (over 12 h) and short-acting benzodiazepines together with all other causes highly determined the total number of traffic accidents on a monthly basis in 2014-2018 in the Republic of Serbia. An assessment of the interconnection of time series of traffic accidents outcomes with time series of Benzodiazepine anxiolytic consumption in the Republic of Serbia we found a significant positive influence of DID of benzodiazepines on traffic accidents outcomes. In total, all used benzodiazepines increase the number of fatal traffic accidents by 8.5 fold per month. Alprazolam additionally contributed with about ten percent (9.7%) to the frequency of traffic accidents on a monthly basis. Measures to prevent traffic accidents at all levels should be effective immediately in order to achieve positive results timely. The authors suggest that the great responsibility is raising awareness of compliance with traffic regulations with doctors who prescribe benzodiazepines.

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“…The literature on driving under the influence (DUI) of psychoactive substances (alcohol, psychoactive medicinal drugs, and illicit drugs) has mainly revolved around topics such as the prevalence of DUI and the risks associated with road traffic injuries and deaths. [1][2][3][4][5] DUI poses a threat to the lives and safety of people who engage in DUI, 6 as well as other road users 7 ; however, the research regarding future outcomes of people convicted of DUI of alcohol and drugs is both limited and somewhat outdated. 8 9 Drivers who engage in DUI have been characterised by serious health problems such as substance use and dependence, major depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, hyperactivity disorders and risk-taking dispositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals imprisoned for driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs in Norway (2000–2016): a retrospective cohort study

Jamt,

Bukten,

Stavseth

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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AimsTo describe all-cause and cause-specific mortality and to investigate factors associated with mortality among individuals imprisoned for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and psychoactive drugs in the Norwegian prison population.DesignRetrospective cohort study. The Norwegian prison registry was linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (2000–2016).SettingNorway.Participants/casesThe cohort consisted of 96 856 individuals imprisoned in Norway over a 17-year period obtained from the Norwegian prison registry.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdjusted ORs (aOR) with 95% CI were calculated for death due to any, natural and unnatural causes of death. Analyses were stratified according to DUI convictions: no DUI convictions, only DUI convictions (DUI only), DUI and at least one other drug and alcohol conviction (DUI drug), and DUI and at least one conviction other than drug and alcohol conviction (DUI other).ResultsIn total, 29.3% individuals had one or more imprisonments for DUI. The risk of all-cause mortality was elevated for those convicted for DUI, but only in combination with other types of crimes (DUI drug: aOR=1.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.6, DUI other: aOR=1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4). The risk of death from natural causes was significantly elevated for DUI drug (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.0) and for DUI other (aOR=1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6). The risk of death from unnatural causes was lower for DUI only (aOR=0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) and elevated for DUI drug (aOR=1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.6).ConclusionsThe risk of all-cause mortality was significantly elevated for those convicted of DUI, but only in combination with other types of crimes.

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Association between alcohol and drug use and arrest for driving under the influence after crash involvement in a rural area of Norway: a case–control study

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Drunk driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Jamaica

Drunk driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Jamaica

Benzodiazepines consumptions: Influence on traffic accidents

All-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals imprisoned for driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs in Norway (2000–2016): a retrospective cohort study

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