Association between Air Pollution and Lipid Profiles

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is a critical factor in the development of atherosclerosis and consequent cardiovascular disease. Numerous pieces of evidence demonstrate the association between air pollution and abnormal blood lipids. Although the results of epidemiological studies on the link between air pollution and blood lipids are unsettled due to different research methods and conditions, most of them corroborate the harmful effects of air pollution on blood lipids. Mechanism studies have revealed that air pollution may affect blood lipids via oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypothalamic hormone and epigenetic changes. Moreover, there is a risk of metabolic diseases associated with air pollution, including fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, which are often accompanied by dyslipidemia. Therefore, it is biologically plausible that air pollution affects blood lipids. The overall evidence supports that air pollution has a deleterious effect on blood lipid health. However, further research into susceptibility, indoor air pollution, and gaseous pollutants is required, and the issue of assessing the effects of mixtures of air pollutants remains an obstacle for the future.

Developmental Toxicity of Fine Particulate Matter: Multifaceted Exploration from Epidemiological and Laboratory Perspectives

“…Integrating and summarizing the commonalities found in these data reveal the complexity and diversity of PM 2.5 developmental toxicity, which can provide readers with a comprehensive background and foundation for better understanding the current status and trends in this field. Concurrently, this study comprehensively elucidates the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the health impairments triggered by PM 2.5 in various systems, mainly involving transcriptional and translational regulation, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and epigenetic regulation [ 18 ], providing deeper theoretical support and guidance for research in related fields. The primary conclusions and novel perspectives regarding the relation between public health and PM 2.5 are summarized in this review, which might offer insights into the prevention and treatment of environment-related illnesses, assist with the development of clinically applicable drugs, and serve as specific instructions for future research directions.…”

Impact of Short-Term Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3) on Hospital Admissions for Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…Researchers have noted that inhaling elevated concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM induces prothrombotic and proinflammatory effects, endothelial dysfunction, and an elevated lipid load due to heightened oxidative stress. These alterations collectively contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Despite numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, a complete understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the increased risk of ACS due to air pollution exposure remains elusive.…”

Dietary supplementations to mitigate the cardiopulmonary effects of air pollution toxicity: A systematic review of clinical trials

“…Therefore, changes in outcomes like blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) which provide insight into cardiac hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system functioning are often assessed as cardiovascular markers of air pollution-induced toxicity [ 21 , 22 ]. Additionally, measures of brachial artery diameter (BAD) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), as the indicators of endothelial dysfunction, as well as blood lipid profiles which are associated with the development of atherosclerosis, are being extensively used in pollution-related cardiovascular research [ 23 , 24 ].…”