Association between Adjusted Handgrip Strength and Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Men

Abstract

This cross-sectional study determined the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab men. Furthermore, HGS and adjusted HGS, relative to body composition components including body mass index (BMI), body weight, and body fat percentage (%Fat), were examined in predicting MetS. Methods: In this study, 854 men participated in and completed all tests (age, 39.7 ± 15.2 years; BMI, 28.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2; %Fat, 26.6% ± 7.1%). Body composition and HGS were measured using a body impedance analyzer and a manual spring-type dynamometer, respectively. About 10 cc of venous blood was drawn once after overnight fasting and analyzed using the colorimetric method. MetS included waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure (BP), and fasting glucose were defined for the current specific population. Results: The receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC curve) showed an area under the curve (AUC) of HGS = 0.54, and 0.70 for HGS/%Fat. Linear regression analysis showed that the R2 values for all three models were low in predicting MetS and its components. Lastly, the odds ratio of adjusted HGS showed that there were significant differences between all quartiles of MetS compared with the reference quartile (Q1), whereas HGS alone did not show such differences. A significant difference between the quartiles of HGS and adjusted HGS was observed in Q4 for glucose, and significant differences were also found from Q2 for hypertension in terms of the HGS and adjusted HGS. Conclusion: HGS could have protective potential for increased levels of glucose and systolic blood pressure, and using adjusted HGS rather than HGS alone is recommended for the association of MetS in Arab men.

Psoas major muscle mass and upper limb muscle strength are the main factors influencing the rate of HDL-cholesterol within the target in T2DM patients

“…A study of 84 elderly Chinese subjects with no significant effect on lipid metabolism showed no significant differences in HDL-c, HDL-2, and HDL-3 between muscle loss and nonmuscle loss patients, and no significant association was found between the skeletal muscle index (SMI), grip strength, and these HDL levels in hospitalized patients [22]. In addition, another study performed with 986 community Arab men did not find an association between adjusted handgrip strength and HDL-c [31].…”

Correlation between low handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in older adults: a systematic review

“…Handgrip strength (HGS), measured with a handheld dynamometer, is a simple, non-invasive, and convenient tool to assess upper extremity isometric strength (10). HGS has been shown to predict mortality in various populations of different ages (11), and cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships with cardiovascular risk, functional impairment, and multimorbidity have been described (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Recent studies have proposed normalizing HGS by body weight or body mass index (BMI) to better define subgroupspecific handgrip weakness, referred to as relative HGS as opposed to absolute HGS.…”