Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and renal function biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic patients with nephropathy

Impact of the Level of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…Not relevant to the topic examined studies, studies including population <18 years old, studies in which validated tool for assessment of MD were not used and in which the level of adherence was not clearly described were excluded. Overall, 58 studies were characterized as acceptable for the systematic review [ 39 , 40 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ,…”

“…Five studies were characterized as unsatisfactory due to their ratings (2–4 stars) [ 43 , 67 , 75 , 80 , 107 ], whereas for 17 studies the quality was only satisfactory (5–6 stars) [ 39 , 49 , 61 , 63 , 71 , 86 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 100 , 104 , 105 ]. The majority of the included studies ( n = 28) [ 40 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 87 , 88 , 95 , 101 , 103 , 106 ] were good quality studies (7–8 stars), and eight studies were at the top of quality studies scoring 9 stars [ 46 , 64 , 66 ...…”

“…With respect to FBG, an inverse correlation was demonstrated between MD levels of adherence and FBG, which, however, was not statistically significant. A possible explanation for that could be the high number of individuals diagnosed with diabetes or at diabetic risk who participated in the studies [ 49 , 61 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 74 , 81 , 92 ], along with other confounding factors (e.g., age, BMI, medication, etc.). However, the fact that mean values of FBG in both high and low adherers were within the normal range led us to the conclusion that MD adherence can have a positive impact on glycemic control regardless of the level of adherence.…”

Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Diseases

“…With respect to FBG, an inverse correlation was demonstrated between MD levels of adherence and FBG, which, however, was not statistically significant. A possible explanation for that could be the high number of individuals diagnosed with diabetes or at diabetic risk who participated in the studies [49,61,65,[68][69][70][71]74,81,92], along with other confounding factors (e.g., age, BMI, medication, etc.). However, the fact that mean values of FBG in both high and low adherers were within the normal range led us to the conclusion that MD adherence can have a positive impact on glycemic control regardless of the level of adherence.…”

“…Five studies were characterized as unsatisfactory due to their ratings (2-4 stars) [43,67,75,80,107], whereas for 17 studies the quality was only satisfactory (5-6 stars) [39,49,61,63,71,86,[92][93][94]96,97,100,104,105]. The majority of the included studies (n = 28) [40,44,45,47,[58][59][60]62,65,[68][69][70]72,74,76,77,79,[81][82][83][84][85]87,88,95,101,103,106] were good quality studies (7-8 stars), and eight studies were at the top of quality studies scoring 9 stars [46,64,66,73,91,…”