Association Analysis of the Cubilin (CUBN) and Megalin (LRP2) Genes with ESRD in African Americans

Kube

et al. 2018

Nephron

Aim: Aim of this study was to investigate the association of genetic variants of functional polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase and Cubilin (CUBN) with diabetic nephropathy (DN), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Caucasian type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods: 472 T2D-patients were genotyped for 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; MMP-2 [rs2285053], MMP-9 [rs17576] and CUBN [rs1801239]). Genotyping was carried out by allelic discrimination using TaqMan SNP-genotyping-assay. Results: MMP-9 (Gln279Arg) AA-genotype (OR 0.17 [0.04–0.62, p = 0.008]) and the time elapsed since diagnosis of T2D without onset of proteinuria (OR 0.87 [0.79–0.97, p = 0.008]) were found to be independently associated with reduced risk of susceptibility to DN. On the contrary higher stages of chronic kidney disease (OR 1.93 [1.15–3.23], p = 0.012) and the presence of MMP-9 GG-genotype were independently associated with DN (OR 6.07 [1.60–22.99], p = 0.008). The CUBN CC or C-risk-allele of rs1801239 was associated with ESRD (OR 2.04 [1.07–3.87], p = 0.03) and peripheral artery disease (OR 2.08 [1.12–3.88], p = 0.021). We could not find an association with MMP-2, MMP-9, or CUBN with CVD in a composite clinical endpoint model. Conclusions: This study highlights that MMP-9 or CUBN-SNPs may exert effects on risk of susceptibility to DN or ESRD. We provide novel evidence on genetic susceptibility for macroangiopathy in patients with a missense variant of CUBN (Ile2984Val) in patients with T2D.

Section: Interpretation Of Findings In Relationship Withsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Key Findingssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Cubilin Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Variants are Associated with Macroangiopathy While a Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Flip-Flop may Indicate Susceptibility of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type-2 Diabetic Patients

Kube

et al. 2018

Nephron

“…Of the 4 loci found to be genome-wide significant in the present study (discovery phase), the locus on chr 17 have already been reported in East Asians, whereas other 2 loci on chr 2 and 18 are first reported in the East Asian and Japanese populations. However, they were reported in the GWAS of renal traits in European populations and/or those with African ancestries, as represented by the LRP2 locus on chr 2 in African Americans [21, 39]. To the best of our knowledge, the association of the 4q23 locus with CKD risk is the novel finding, which warrants further investigations with independent data sets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Genome-Wide Association Study of Renal Function Traits: Results from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

et al. 2018

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rapidly growing, worldwide public health problem. Recent advances in genome-wide-association studies (GWAS) revealed several genetic loci associated with renal function traits worldwide. Methods: We investigated the association of genetic factors with the levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in Japanese population-based cohorts analyzing the GWAS imputed data with 11,221 subjects and 12,617,569 variants, and replicated the findings with the 148,829 hospital-based Japanese subjects. Results: In the discovery phase, 28 variants within 4 loci (chromosome [chr] 2 with 8 variants including rs3770636 in the LDL receptor related protein 2 gene locus, on chr 5 with 2 variants including rs270184, chr 17 with 15 variants including rs3785837 in the BCAS3 gene locus, and chr 18 with 3 variants including rs74183647 in the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 gene locus) reached the suggestive level of p < 1 × 10^–6 in association with eGFR and SCr, and 2 variants on chr 4 (including rs78351985 in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene locus) fulfilled the suggestive level in association with the risk of CKD. In the replication phase, 25 variants within 3 loci (chr 2 with 7 variants, chr 17 with 15 variants and chr 18 with 3 variants) in association with eGFR and SCr, and 2 variants on chr 4 associated with the risk of CKD became nominally statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, among which 15 variants on chr 17 and 3 variants on chr 18 reached genome-wide significance of p < 5 × 10^–8 in the combined study meta-analysis. The associations of the loci on chr 2 and 18 with eGFR and SCr as well as that on chr 4 with CKD risk have not been previously reported in the Japanese and East Asian populations. Conclusion: Although the present GWAS of renal function traits included the largest sample of Japanese participants to date, we did not identify novel loci for renal traits. However, we identified the novel associations of the genetic loci on chr 2, 4, and 18 with renal function traits in the Japanese population, suggesting these are transethnic loci. Further investigations of these associations are expected to further validate our findings for the potential establishment of personalized prevention of renal disease in the Japanese and East Asian populations.

“…These findings suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the development of nephropathy and ESKD in T2D patients. While the apolipoprotein L1 gene ( APOL1 ) explains a substantial proportion of the disparity in non-diabetic ESKD in AAs (Tzur et al 2010; Genovese et al 2010), less is known about the genetic contributors to the high T2D-ESKD risk in AAs (Bonomo et al 2014a; Ma et al 2016; Skorecki and Wasser 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of kidney structure-related gene variants with type 2 diabetes-attributed end-stage kidney disease in African Americans

Guan

Keaton

et al. 2016

Hum Genet

Self Cite

African Americans (AAs) are at higher risk for developing end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) compared to European Americans. Genome-wide association studies have identified variants associated with diabetic and non-diabetic kidney diseases. Nephropathy loci, including SLC7A9, UMOD, and SHROOM3, have been implicated in the maintenance of normal glomerular and renal tubular structure and function. Herein, 47 genes important in podocyte, glomerular basement membrane, mesangial cell, mesangial matrix, renal tubular cell, and renal interstitium structure were examined for association with type 2 diabetes (T2D)-attributed ESKD in AAs. Single-variant association analysis was performed in the discovery stage, including 2041 T2D-ESKD cases and 1140 controls (non-diabetic, non-nephropathy). Discrimination analyses in 667 T2D cases-lacking nephropathy excluded T2D–associated SNPs. Nominal associations were tested in an additional 483 T2D-ESKD cases and 554 controls in the replication stage. Meta-analysis of 4218 discovery and replication samples revealed three significant associations with T2D-ESKD at CD2AP and MMP2 (Pcorr < 0.05 corrected for effective number of SNPs in each locus). Removal of APOL1 renal-risk genotype carriers revealed additional association at five loci, TTC21B, COL4A3, NPHP3-ACAD11, CLDN8, and ARHGAP24 (Pcorr < 0.05). Genetic variants at COL4A3, CLDN8, and ARHGAP24 were potentially pathogenic. Gene-based associations revealed suggestive significant aggregate effects of coding variants at four genes. Our findings suggest that genetic variation in kidney structure-related genes may contribute to T2D–attributed ESKD in the AA population.