Association analysis of Suboptimal health Status: a cross-sectional study in China

Abstract

Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) among urban residents is commonplace in China. However, factors influencing SHS have not been thoroughly explored, especially with regard to the effects of internal factors (e.g., personality and health awareness) on SHS. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 5460 Chinese urban residents..SHS was measured using the Suboptimal Health Mesurement Scale Version 1.0. Demographic information, and information pertaining to lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors, and internal factors were abtained through a questionnaire. The associations between demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors, internal factors and SHS were assessed using logistic regression. Results Of the 5460 participants (with a mean age of 41.56 ± 16.14 years), 2640 (48.4 %) were men. Out of 36 variables, 23 were significantly associated with SHS: age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.014), an education level of high school/junior college (OR: 1.443) , marital status (OR: 1.899), area of registered permanent residence (OR: 0.767), monthly household income (p < 0.001) , exposure to second-hand smoke (p = 0.001), alcohol drinking (OR: 1.284), bad eating habits (OR: 1.717), not sleeping before 11 p.m. every day (p = 0.002), spending time online more than five hours a day (OR: 1.526), having a good relationship with parents during one’s growth period (OR: 0.602), living with good quality air (OR:0.817), living in not crowded conditions (OR:0.636), having a harmonious neighborhood (OR:0.775), having adequate fitness facilities (OR:0.783), one’s health being affected by two-child policy (OR: 1.468) and medical policies (OR: 1.265) , high adverse quotient (OR: 0.488), many (≥3 kinds) interests and hobbies (OR: 0.617), mature and steady personality traits (OR: 0.469) , a high attention to one’s health (OR: 0.833), and effective health promotion induced by leading a leisurely lifestyle (OR: 0.466) were significantly associated with SHS. Conclusions All these variables were included demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors and internal factors. Our study supports the benefits of controlling both internal and external factors in preventing suboptimal health.

Associated Factors of Suboptimal Health Status Among Adolescents in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

“… 20 , 25 , 26 It has found 51.2% in college students, whereas, 69.46% 21 in adults and that seems to be increasing with age 21 and high prevalence noted in rural area compared to urban settings. 4 Likewise, the prevalence of SHS had seen higher in women compared to men, which looks the same status from children to adult population. 4 , 11 , 20 , 27 Similarly, 74.21% prevalence rate found among nurses in China.…”

“… 4 Likewise, the prevalence of SHS had seen higher in women compared to men, which looks the same status from children to adult population. 4 , 11 , 20 , 27 Similarly, 74.21% prevalence rate found among nurses in China. 26 The prevalence rate of SHS found 65%.02 in youths, 71.08% in middle-aged adults and 72.48% in older adults.…”

“…1 In 1946, The World Health Organization (WHO) defined that “health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. 2 Likewise, the suboptimal health or sub-health status, also known as suboptimal health status (SHS) 3 is the physical state of people which is generally undiagnosed, 4 however, some changes in psychological behavior or physical characteristics can observe, 5 In fact, SHS is an intermediate state between health and disease condition. 6 In this state, there are no organic lesions in the body, only characterized by persistent and recurrent fatigue, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, depression, as well as a series of symptoms including non-specific pain and sleep disorders.…”

“… 6 In this state, there are no organic lesions in the body, only characterized by persistent and recurrent fatigue, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, depression, as well as a series of symptoms including non-specific pain and sleep disorders. 4 , 6–10 …”

“… 20 Notably, almost all studies revealed that lifestyle behaviors are the main associated factors of SHS. 4 , 14 , 26 , 28 …”