Association among Executive Function, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Youth

Borkertienė, Vaida; Stasiulis, Arvydas; Zacharienė, Birutė; Kyguolienė, Laura; Bacevičienė, Rasa

doi:10.3390/medicina55100677

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…All these functions, especially working memory and memory, influence learning results. The results of this study supplement our previous research and indicate that OW children demonstrate poorer CFs and lower aerobic capacity in all age groups, including young children (6–12 years) and youths (16–19 years) [ 27 ]. Our findings are also in line with a report by Datar and colleagues [ 20 ] that OW children demonstrate poorer academic achievements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Normal Weight 6–12 Years Boys Demonstrate Better Cognitive Function and Aerobic Fitness Compared to Overweight Peers

Borkertienė

Valonytė-Burneikienė

2022

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the cognitive function (CF) and aerobic fitness (AF) of 15 normal-weight (NW) and 15 overweight (OW) children, aged 6–12 years. In addition, the relationship between CF and AF was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The ANAM4 battery was used to evaluate CF, and a constant treadmill walking exercise (6 km/h for 6 min) and a progressive treadmill exercise (modified Balke test) were used to assess pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2). Results: The OW children displayed worse attention and visual tracking (88.95 ± 4.45% and 93.75 ± 3.16%), response inhibition (90.27 ± 1.54% and 93.67 ± 2%), and speed of processing (93.65 ± 1.5% and 94.4 ± 1.54%) than the NW children (p < 0.05). The VO2 max was higher and the time constant of VO2 kinetics was shorter in NW children (56.23 ± 3.53 mL/kg/min and 21.73 ± 1.57 s, respectively) than in OW children (45.84 ± 1.89 mL/kg/min and 33.46 ± 2.9 s, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The OW children aged 6–12 years demonstrated poorer CF and lower AF than their NW peers. An association between AF and CF indicators was identified in both groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Our previous research revealed that OW youth demonstrate worse CF and AF than NW and sport-trained youth [ 27 ]. In a further investigation of CF and AF, here, we analyzed data from children aged 6–12 years who participated in our study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Weight 6–12 Years Boys Demonstrate Better Cognitive Function and Aerobic Fitness Compared to Overweight Peers

Borkertienė

Valonytė-Burneikienė

2022

Medicina

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“…Cross-sectional studies have found the inverse association between weight status and cognitive performance, especially in tasks involving attention and comprehension [88,89]. Another study comparing overweight, normal weight, and sport trained individuals demonstrated that normal weight individuals had better cognitive functions than overweight individuals [90]. However, the sport trained individuals were better in cognitive performance than normal weight individuals, illustrating that higher cardiorespiratory fitness may play a crucial role in cognitive health [90].…”

Section: Overweight Obesity Cardiometabolic Risk and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study comparing overweight, normal weight, and sport trained individuals demonstrated that normal weight individuals had better cognitive functions than overweight individuals [90]. However, the sport trained individuals were better in cognitive performance than normal weight individuals, illustrating that higher cardiorespiratory fitness may play a crucial role in cognitive health [90]. A systematic review of longitudinal studies show inconsistent associations of overweight and obesity with cognition, except in adolescent girls [91].…”

Section: Overweight Obesity Cardiometabolic Risk and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Associations between Health Behaviors and Brain Health in Children and Adolescents with Special Reference to Diet Quality

Naveed

Lakka

Haapala

2020

IJERPH

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Unhealthy diet has been associated with overweight, obesity, increased cardiometabolic risk, and recently, to impaired cognition and academic performance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the associations between health behaviors and cognition and academic achievement in children and adolescents under 18 years of age with a special reference to diet quality. Dietary patterns with a low consumption of fish, fruits, and vegetables, and high in fast food, sausages, and soft drinks have been linked to poor cognition and academic achievement. The studies on the associations between the high intake of saturated fat and red meat and low intake of fiber and high-fiber grain products with cognition are limited. The available evidence and physiological mechanisms suggest that diet may have direct, indirect, and synergistic effects on brain and cognition with physical activity, sedentary behaviors, cardiometabolic health, and sleep, but the associations have been modest. Therefore, integrating a healthy diet, physically active lifestyle, and adequate sleep may provide optimal circumstances for brain development and learning. We conclude that most of the existing literature is contained in cross-sectional studies, which therefore highlights the need for longitudinal and intervention studies on the effects of diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep on cognition and academic performance.

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“…It was found that obese adolescents perform worst in executive tasks (Gowey et al, 2018) when compared to highly active peers in the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics 4 test. Active participants showed better results in visual tracking and attention tasks (96.76% ± 1.85%/90.23% ± 2.01%), response inhibition (97.58% ± 0.94%/92.48% ± 1.05%), processing speed and alternating attention (98.35% ± 1.35%/89.01% ± 4.09%) than obese peers (p < 0.05) (Borkertienė et al, 2019). It was also found that regular PA for 3 months improved performance in CF tasks, like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in obese samples.…”

Section: Effects Of Physical and Cognitive Activity On Executive Func...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Executive Dysfunction in Adolescent with Obesity: A Systematic Review

Landínez-Martínez

Arias-Valencia²,

Tabares³

2022

Psykhe (Santiago)

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Obesity has been linked to low cognitive performance throughout the human life span. Alterations relate to attention, memory, language, and executive function. However, the obesity-executive function association remains unclear in adolescents. This study presents a systematic review of executive function alterations in adolescents with obesity. A search equation was proposed (Executive dysfunction AND Obesity AND Adolescents), with sixty studies meeting the inclusion criteria in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection database. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify the importance of the research topic and a citation network was built to establish the lines of research. Finally, the citation network was exported to Gephi to visualize the research groups studying the topic. Findings suggest 4 lines of research: (a) structural and functional brain abnormalities in adolescents with obesity, (b) inhibitory control alterations in adolescents with obesity, (c) effects of physical and cognitive activity on the executive function of adolescents with obesity, and (d) working memory alterations in adolescents with obesity. Obese adolescents were found to prefer immediate rewards to long-term ones. Nevertheless, effective interventions increase the intake of fruit and vegetables and reduce that of calorie-dense food. The authors recommend additional longitudinal studies to assess whether executive function alterations are either a cause or a consequence of adolescent obesity.

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Association among Executive Function, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Youth

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Normal Weight 6–12 Years Boys Demonstrate Better Cognitive Function and Aerobic Fitness Compared to Overweight Peers

Normal Weight 6–12 Years Boys Demonstrate Better Cognitive Function and Aerobic Fitness Compared to Overweight Peers

An Overview on the Associations between Health Behaviors and Brain Health in Children and Adolescents with Special Reference to Diet Quality

Executive Dysfunction in Adolescent with Obesity: A Systematic Review

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