Associated Targets of the Antioxidant Cardioprotection of Ganoderma lucidum in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Using Open Targets Platform: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Even with substantial advances in cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality rates of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) continually increase. Hence, a feasible therapeutic approach is urgently needed. Objectives. This work is aimed at systemically reviewing literature and addressing cell targets in DCM through the possible cardioprotection of G. lucidum through its antioxidant effects by using the Open Targets Platform (OTP) website. Methods. The OTP website version of 19.11 was accessed in December 2019 to identify the studies in DCM involving G. lucidum. Results. Among the 157 cell targets associated with DCM, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was shared by all evidence, drug, and text mining data with 0.08 score association. mTOR also had the highest score association 0.1 with autophagy in DCM. Among the 1731 studies of indexed PubMed articles on G. lucidum published between 1985 and 2019, 33 addressed the antioxidant effects of G. lucidum and its molecular signal pathways involving oxidative stress and therefore were included in the current work. Conclusion. mTOR is one of the targets by DCM and can be inhibited by the antioxidative properties of G. lucidum directly via scavenging radicals and indirectly via modulating mTOR signal pathways such as Wnt signaling pathway, Erk1/2 signaling, and NF-κB pathways.

<p>Effect and Mechanism of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> Spores on Alleviation of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Pilot in vivo Study</p>

“…Increased production of ROS by decreased antioxidant defenses raises oxidative stress in the diabetic heart. 13 , 23 , 68 In line with previous research, the diabetic group showed an increase in the content of MDA, which is associated with decreased activity of GSH-Px, an antioxidant enzyme. 12 , 58 Lipid peroxidation may damage the integrity of phospholipid bilayer and deactivate membrane-bound receptors and enzymes, resulting in increased cell permeability and death.…”

“… 22 Its components have demonstrated anti-diabetic cardiomyopathy via its strong antioxidant effect in our systematic review. 23 G. lucidum fruiting bodies or spores can modulate the immune system, 23 , 24 inhibit tumors, 25–29 reduce hyperglycemia, 30 and have anti-inflammatory 31 and anti-epilepsy effects etc. 32 G. lucidum spores (GLS) are ejected from the pileus in the mature phase of the fungus’ growth.…”

“…Studies on the bioactive constituents of G. lucidum have been pending for decades due to its numerous potential medicinal applications, most of which concentrated on the triterpenoid acids and polysaccharides considered to be the main bioactive components of this fungus. 23 Specific polysaccharides were isolated and characterized from the G. lucidum fruiting bodies, spores, and cultivated mycelium. 40–47 Apart from modulating innate immunity, in addition to the antitumor effect of the polysaccharides of G. lucidum , it also regulates the growth of vascular endothelial cells, 48 and inhibits hypoglycemic activity.…”

METTL14 suppresses pyroptosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy by downregulating TINCR lncRNA

“…It is estimated that DCM occurs in approximately 12% of diabetic patients [ 17 ]. Clinical data suggest that DCM is closely associated with Clinical studies that indicate that DCM increases the risk of overt heart failure and induces worse prognosis in diabetic patients [ 18 ]. A strategy for prevention and treatment in order to improve the prognosis of DCM has not been established.…”

Health-Promoting of Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum

“…It is also one of the few non-hormonal drugs used in the treatment of refractory myopathy and in combination therapy with glucocorticoids [ 48 ]. According to the conducted in vivo experiments, polysaccharides from G. lucidum show anti-inflammatory and protective effects against oxidative stress in the heart, liver, spleen and skeletal muscles [ 49 ]. GLPs induce the synthesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and reduce glutathione, which protects the endothelium of blood vessels [ 17 ].…”