Associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, both in the community and hospital settings. It is a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year and is the leading cause of Gram-negative bacteremia. We previously conducted a study on “Urinary Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of UTI among Pregnant Women in North West Ethiopia” but the study did not address risk factors associated with urinary tract infection so the aim of the study was to assess associated risk factors of UTI among pregnant women in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 367 pregnant women with and without symptoms of urinary tract infection(UTI) were included as a study subject from January 2011 to April 2011. Midstream urine samples were collected and processed following standard bacteriological tests. Data concerning associated risk factors were collected using structured questionnaires and were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 16).ResultBivarait analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and associated risk factors of UTI showed that family income level (family monthly income level ≤ 500 birr($37.85); P = 0.006, OR = 5.581, CI = 1.658, 18.793 and 501–1000 birr ($37.93-$75.70), P = 0.039, OR = 3.429, CI = 1.065, 11.034), anaemia (P = 0.003, OR = 4.388, CI = 1.776, 10.839), sexual activity (P = 0.032, OR = 3.520, CI = 1.197,10.363) and past history of UTI (P = 0.000, OR = 3.397, CI = 1.672, 6.902) were found to be factors significantly associated with increase prevalence of UTI. In contrast multiparity, history of catheterization, genitourinary abnormality, maternal age, gestational age and educational status were not significantly associated with UTI among pregnant women.ConclusionIn this study UTI was high among pregnant women in the presence of associated risk factor such as anaemia, low income level, past history of UTI and sexual activity.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women in Ismailia City, Egypt

“…AlJawadi (2012) [50] also reported short child spacing (<2 years) was seen among less than half of the pregnant women with UTI.Regarding maternal anemia, this study results revealed that Hemoglobin level < 11 mg/dl was significantly associated with UTI during pregnancy. Similar results were reported by Haider et al, 2010 [46] in Pakistan and Emiru et al, 2013 [48] in Ethiopia who studied UTI among pregnant women. Also this study results agrees with studies of asymptomatic bacteruria among pregnant women by Sescon et al (2003) [51] in Philippines, Enayat et al (2007) [52] in Iran and Taher et al, (2009) [53] in Qatar.…”

“…Similarly Onuoha and Fatokun (2014) [21] reported that multiparity has an increased risk factor of developing bacteruria among pregnant women. While Emiru et al (2013) [48] found that UTI is more common in primigravida. Dimetry et al (2007) [11] also, reported discordant findings regarding association of increased UTI with multigravidas, gestational age, and those who have more than one child relating the results to the age, recurrent exposure to stasis of urine, or former infections history.…”

Asymptomatic bacteriuria and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates among pregnant women attending Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

“…[21] The variation might be justified by the reality that differences exist in geographical location, social behavior of the population, the environment, the model of educational status, and study settings (primary care, community-based, or in hospitals). The finding of our study is higher than the studies done in Northwest Ethiopia (8.5%), [22] Central Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) (10.6%), [23] Tanzania (4.1%), [24] and Eritrea (10.5%). [25] The possible explanation for this disparity might be related to variations in the study population, time of study period and sample size of study participants.…”

Urinary Tract Infection: An Overview of the Infection and the Associated Risk Factors

“…The significance of risk factors like anaemia, low income level, past history of UTI and sexual activity in causing UTI among women during pregnancy has been explored and validated by several researchers. 33 Presence of 100000 organisms per ml of urine sample in addition to the presence of an exceeding number of white blood cells can signify the occurrence of UTI. The count of >5 white blood cells in a symptomatic patient is considered to be significant.…”