Associated Factors of Exclusive Breastfeeding Intention among Pregnant Women in Najran, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) intention conceived by pregnant women is the most important predictor of breastfeeding (BF) initiation, duration, and continuation. This study explores the associated factors of EBF intention among pregnant women. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 with 382 pregnant women who came to the outpatient clinic in the Maternal and Children Hospital (MCH). Four instruments were used for data collection: the Infant Feeding Intention scale, the Gender-Friendly BF Knowledge scale (GFBKS), the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude scale (IIFAS), and the basic data questionnaire. The study findings indicated that 51.8% and 75.9% of gravida women had adequate knowledge and a positive attitude regarding BF. Furthermore, 56.3% of the participants had a high intention for EBF. Binary logistic regression illustrated that occupational status, antenatal care, plan for the current pregnancy, BF practice, last child delivery mode, medical disorder during the current pregnancy, age, BF knowledge, and attitude are potential predictors. The goodness of fit test revealed that 46.8% of the EBF intention could be anticipated through the positive pre-mentioned factors. The low EBF intention is modifiable by addressing the previously positive predictors. BF educational interventions should be tailored based on EBF intention predictors in order to be effective and lead to behavior change.

Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding for Mothers in Tswelopele Municipality, Free State Province, South Africa: A Qualitative Study

“…Health professionals should also consider the ethnic and cultural backgrounds of mothers, be aware of the cultural customs associated with breastfeeding, and educate women and their families carefully about traditions that may impact breastfeeding. Furthermore, family involvement is essential because a supportive companion, relative, or friend is essential for breastfeeding success [ 69 , 70 ]. If a mother feels supported in her decision to breastfeed, she is more likely to feel confident and in control of her decision.…”

Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding in Saudi Arabia

“…Early return to work, deficient breastfeeding work support, insufficient breast milk and lack of time were the major barriers to exclusive breastfeeding [ 13 ]. These studies have examined socio-demographic, cultural, and economic determinants that shape the infant feeding behaviors of Saudi mothers [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. For instance, previously published studies indicate that maternal education and occupation were associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Saudi Arabia, with better-educated and non-working mothers being more likely to engage in exclusive breastfeeding [ 14 , 17 ].…”

“…Maternal age as a critical socio-demographic factor has been examined in various studies investigating exclusive breastfeeding practices. Younger mothers often face distinct challenges related to exclusive breastfeeding, including limited access to information, lower socio-economic status, and less stable family structures [ 14 , 16 , 17 ]. In contrast, older mothers may have greater access to resources, better decision-making capabilities, and social support networks that facilitate exclusive breastfeeding.…”

“…Family income as a socio-economic factor plays a vital role in influencing exclusive breastfeeding practices. Mothers from higher-income families often have better access to healthcare services, nutritional resources, and support systems, all of which can facilitate exclusive breastfeeding [ 13 , 15 , 16 ]. Conversely, mothers with lower family incomes may face economic constraints that limit their ability to practice exclusive breastfeeding [ 12 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Mothers from higher-income families often have better access to healthcare services, nutritional resources, and support systems, all of which can facilitate exclusive breastfeeding [ 13 , 15 , 16 ]. Conversely, mothers with lower family incomes may face economic constraints that limit their ability to practice exclusive breastfeeding [ 12 , 16 , 17 ]. While direct evidence of this association in Saudi Arabia is limited, international studies have consistently demonstrated the impact of income disparities on exclusive breastfeeding practices.…”