“…Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disorder caused by destruction of beta cells of the pancreas lead to the clinical form of the disease and is associated with autoantibodies targeting components of insulin-producing cells: Anti-islet cell (ICA), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD), anti-tyrosine phosphatase (anti-IA2), and anti-zinc transporter 8 protein (ZnT8) 2 .However the prevalence in Saudi Arabia is higher in compare to other communities that may due to the majority of the patients being unaware of their disease, which warrants urgent adoption of early detection, treatment and prevention programs 3 . Patients with T1DM are at high risk of developing other autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), celiac disease, Addison's disease, vitiligo, celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, and pernicious anemia 4,5 . Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common autoimmune disease associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus.…”