Associação de variáveis ambientais à ocorrência de leptospirose canina e humana na cidade de São Paulo

Abstract

Foi realizada uma análise espacial da ocorrência de leptospirose humana e canina na Supervisão de Vigilância em Saúde do Butantã, situada no município de São Paulo, no ano de 2007, associada a variáveis ambientais de risco, tais como: focos de enchente e áreas de desratização. Foram encontrados aglomerados espaciais de pontos de alagamentos em 12 setores censitários e de casos de leptospirose humana em quatro setores censitários, sem correlação entre ambos. Não foram encontrados agrupamentos de casos em cães, possivelmente devido à subnotificação. As proporções casos humanos de leptospirose : população humana dentro e fora da área de desratização foram 7:199.600 e 9:257.980, respectivamente. Conclui-se que medidas de controle de roedores como a desratização foram responsáveis pela minimização dos efeitos dos fatores de risco para a transmissão de leptospirose para humanos.

Human leptospirosis in the Federal District, Brazil, 2011-2015: eco-epidemiological characterization

“…The profi le of human leptospirosis in the FD was predominantly urban, which matches the eco-epidemiological profi le of the disease in other federal units of Brazil, where most of the population lives in large urban centers [5][6][7][8]18 . However, it should be considered that the regional distribution of these populations are predominantly urban and that the limits of separation associated with rural areas are often indistinct within a given region 13 .…”

“…This shows that the highrisk environments for leptospirosis are found throughout the territory, contradicting the idea of restricted areas for disease occurrence 2,6 . However, the absence of PIPs in some regions during the studied period does not exclude the existence of risk environments in these areas and even the occurrence of infection, due to undetected cases 4 .…”

“…Synanthropic rodents are recognized as the main reservoirs for human and animal leptospirosis 6,9,21 . The high index of PIPs with traces or visualization of these rodents reinforces the importance of these animals in the epidemiology of the disease.…”

“…The high index of PIPs with traces or visualization of these rodents reinforces the importance of these animals in the epidemiology of the disease. However, other species of companion, production, or wild animals should also be considered as potential reservoirs 6,18,22 . In this study, it was not possible to identify the importance or risk of other animal species in the transmission of leptospirosis in FD.…”

“…Moreover, bacterium is present in the urine of infected animals and under favorable conditions can remain viable in the environment for months 1,[4][5][6] .…”