Assistência nutricional e diabetes mellitus gestacional: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most frequent metabolic complications of pregnancy, which is triggered as intolerance to carbohydrates of varying severity and may persist or not after delivery. Nutritional therapy is important in all stages of life, especially during pregnancy, since this cycle is guided by physiological changes that require quality and humanized prenatal and puerperal care. Thus, the objective was to carry out an integrative literature review on the theme “Nutritional assistance related to complications resulting from pregnancies aggravated by DMG. The methodology was based on the analysis of literary works, clinical guidelines as well as magazines and online articles taken from SCIELO and PUBMED, in Portuguese that dealt with the theme, and published between the years 2015-2020, whose search was made using the descriptors: gestational diabetes, risk factors and nutritional therapy. 16 articles were identified, of which only 10 met the criteria. According to the findings in the studies, it is clear that the appreciation of comprehensive care for pregnant women at risk or established diagnosis of gestational diabetes is necessary in order to reduce or avoid complications resulting from this clinical condition, therefore it is essential to have the care of a multiprofessional team, especially the nutritionist, as nutritional monitoring in pregnancy complicated by DMG contributes to glycemic control, adequate weight and avoids greater risks for the mother and fetus during and after pregnancy.

Percepção da gestante sobre o diabetes mellitus gestacional

“…Além disso, as mulheres com DMG devem fazer a monitorização da glicemia em casa, a fim de garantir as metas do tratamento ao longo da gravidez. Quanto melhor o controle dos índices glicêmicos, através de dieta, exercícios físicos e monitorização da glicemia, menor o risco de complicações, tanto para a gestante quanto para o bebê (Almeida, et al, 2020;São Paulo, 2011).…”

Prevalência e fatores associados ao diabetes mellitus gestacional em um serviço de alta complexidade

“…Ademais, a participação e apoio da família para o cuidado da gestante diabética deve ser encorajado. É importante também incentivar a prática de exercícios (quando forem adequados), a correta adesão as recomendações dietéticas -e, eventualmente, medicamentosas -bem como alertar para os sinais e sintomas possíveis de hiperglicemia e hipoglicemia e monitoramento contínuo do feto (Almeida et al, 2020).…”