Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Embryo Culture Methods for Farm Animals

Godke, R.A.; Sansinena, M.; Youngs, Curtis R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057480-6.50024-1

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This is beneficial for commercial cattle industries because a greater number of offspring can be obtained from valuable cows compared with cows that were naturally or artificially inseminated. TUGA can recover an average of 10 oocytes per nonstimulated donor female twice a week for up to three months with no harmful effects (Broadbent et al, 1997;Godke et al, 2002). In addition, TUGA can been used to obtain oocytes from prepubertal, old, pregnant, and infertile cattle.…”

Section: Problems With the Current In Vitro Maturation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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285 REGULATION OF OOCYTE MEIOTIC RESUMPTION USING cAMP MODULATORS IN BOVINE IN VITRO MATURATION

Farmer

Sarmiento-Guzmán

Bailey

et al. 2015

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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In vitro maturation (IVM) is a reproductive technique critical to in vitro embryo production (IVP). Currently, IVP has low efficiency due to an inadequate IVM system where premature meiotic resumption results in low oocyte viability. Meiotic arrest is regulated primarily by 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Some successful methods of improving IVM have utilised cAMP modulators to maintain high intraoocyte cAMP, delaying the onset of nuclear maturation and allowing cytoplasmic maturation to occur. The current experiment is a follow-up to previous work in which an extended 2-step maturation system was examined. In the previous experiments, we found that meiotic resumption was significantly delayed, but the overall maturation rates of extended IVM were about half those of standard IVM, suggesting that the effects of the modulators on the oocytes were not completely reversible. The current experiment compares cAMP concentrations of oocytes in this extended IVM to standard IVM to determine whether high cAMP is the cause of the low maturation rate. Bovine oocytes (n = 686) were obtained from mixed-breed cattle by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. Oocytes from each cow were divided into 2 groups: standard IVM and extended IVM. Standard IVM consists of a 23-h maturation composed of TCM-199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, sodium pyruvate, pen/strep, glutamine, and FSH, and cultured at 39°C in 5% CO2. Extended IVM consists of 2 steps: a pre-IVM phase composed of HEPES-TALP supplemented with 100 µM forskolin (FSK) and 500 µM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) for 2 h at 39°C, followed by an extended IVM phase composed of standard IVM media supplemented with 20 µM cilostamide for 31 h (39°C, 5% CO2). Additionally, oocytes in the extended IVM treatment group where held in HEPES-TALP media with FSK and IBMX during the 2-h oocyte collection period in order to prevent any decrease in cAMP before the oocytes could be placed in the extended IVM media. Oocytes in standard IVM were sampled at 0, 8, and 23 h of maturation, while oocytes in extended IVM were sampled at 0, 8, 18, and 33 h of maturation. Cumulus cells were removed from all oocytes by vortexing in hyaluronidase solution. Oocytes were stored in groups of 10 at –80°C. A cAMP enzyme immunoassay (GE Healthcare) was performed to determine cAMP concentrations throughout standard and extended IVM. Assay results were analysed using an ANOVA followed by a Tukey's pairwise test (Sigma Stat 3.5) to detect significant differences (P < 0.05). Results indicated significantly higher cAMP levels in extended IVM oocytes during the first 3 h after collection using FSK and IBMX in the holding media (0.505 v. 1.006 fmol/oocyte, P = 0.035) but cAMP levels were not maintained in the cilostamide-only extended IVM medium. This suggests that high cAMP levels were not the cause of low maturation rates in extended IVM, since cAMP concentrations did decrease after 3 h. Possible negative effect of cilostamide on these oocytes may be suggested and need to be analysed.

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Section: Problems With the Current In Vitro Maturation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagram of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. (Drawing by E. Meintjes, obtained fromGodke et al, 2002. ) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

285 REGULATION OF OOCYTE MEIOTIC RESUMPTION USING cAMP MODULATORS IN BOVINE IN VITRO MATURATION

Farmer

Sarmiento-Guzmán

Bailey

et al. 2015

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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“…Doudna, Charpentier, and co‐workers [Jinek et al, ; Doudna and Charpentier, ] focused on and exposed how the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR‐associated (Cas) protein complexes (CRISPR/Cas), which roughly 50% of bacteria and 90% of archaea possess [Makarova et al, ], act together to excise and/or neutralize intrusive foreign genetic material by precision genome‐editing and manipulation [Diemen et al, 2015; Nelles et al, ; Nuñez et al, ; Wright et al, ]. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, and evolving engineered variations [Dunn and Pinkert, ; Abudayyeh et al, 2016; Komor et al, ; Luo et al, ; Slaymaker et al, ; Wang et al, ], are quickly becoming the gene‐editing tools of choice for specificity in human cells—with great potential for drug discovery and development [Golkar et al, ], and for correcting disease‐causing mutated‐genes in human embryos [Boeke et al, 2016; Ledford, ], but hopefully not as an incremental step toward the creation of “designer” babies [Godke et al, ; Pinkert et al, ; Bosley et al, ; Annas, ; Greely, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Treatment of Persistent Viral Infections

Moos¹,

Pinkert

Irwin

et al. 2016

Drug Development Research

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Preclinical Research Approximately 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates used the word herpes as a medical term to describe lesions that appeared to creep or crawl on the skin, advocating heat as a possible treatment. During the last 50 years, pharmaceutical research has made great strides, and therapeutic options have expanded to include small molecule antiviral agents, protease inhibitors, preventive vaccines for a handful of the papillomaviruses, and even cures for hepatitis C virus infections. However, effective treatments for persistent and recurrent viral infections, particularly the highly prevalent herpesviruses, continue to represent a significant unmet medical need, affecting the majority of the world's population. Exploring the population diversity of the human microbiome and the effects its compositional variances have on the immune system, health, and disease are the subjects of intense investigational research and study. Among the collection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-cell eukaryotes that comprise the human microbiome, the virome has been grossly understudied relative to the influence it exerts on human pathophysiology, much as mitochondria have until recently failed to receive the attention they deserve, given their critical biomedical importance. Fortunately, cellular epigenetic machinery offers a wealth of druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous disease indications, including those outlined above. With advances in synthetic biology, engineering our body's commensal microorganisms to seek out and destroy pathogenic species is clearly on the horizon. This is especially the case given recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation with tools such as the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) gene-editing platforms. Tying these concepts together with our previous work on the microbiome and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, we suggest that, because mammalian cells respond to a viral infection by triggering a cascade of antiviral innate immune responses governed substantially by the cell's mitochondria, small molecule carnitinoids represent a new class of therapeutics with potential widespread utility against many infectious insults. Drug Dev Res 78 : 24-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Embryo sexing became possible only when modern biotechnologies in reproduction had been developed, especially artificial insemination and embryo transfer (Mara et al., ; Cenariu, ). Assisted reproductive technologies allow livestock breeders to continuously improve the genetic basis of their seedstock (Godke et al., ). The use of artificial insemination in the United States' dairy cattle industry started in the 1950s (Godke et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assisted reproductive technologies allow livestock breeders to continuously improve the genetic basis of their seedstock (Godke et al., ). The use of artificial insemination in the United States' dairy cattle industry started in the 1950s (Godke et al., ). In bovine, there is a specific commercial interest of embryo sexing (Groza et al., ; Cenariu et al., , ; Aurich and Schneider, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Embryo Sexing and Ultrasonographic Foetal Sexing – Interests and Applicability

Crişan

Damian

Morar

et al. 2015

Anat Histol Embryol

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The ability to choose the sex of the offspring is of upmost economic importance for horse breeders. Unlike other species, horses present several reproductive peculiarities that interfere with assisted reproductive technologies used in other large animals (such as bovine) and make them difficult to apply. Thus, there is a great interest to determine the sex of the offspring as soon as possible. This has led to the development of several technologies to serve this purpose, which can be classified into two categories. One is equine embryo sexing by either non-invasive biotechnological methods, such as monitoring of X-linked enzymes before X chromosome inactivation and detection of sex-specific antigen, or by invasive biotechnological methods, such as cytogenetic analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The other one is equine foetus sexing using ultrasound scanning in different stages of its development (early, mid or late), by different approaches (transrectally or transabdominally). This can be performed with classic B-mode ultrasound machines or using 3D-mode and Doppler-mode scanners. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of the current status of these procedures as well as an assessment of their interests and applicability.

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Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Embryo Culture Methods for Farm Animals

Cited by 4 publications

References 264 publications

285 REGULATION OF OOCYTE MEIOTIC RESUMPTION USING cAMP MODULATORS IN BOVINE IN VITRO MATURATION

285 REGULATION OF OOCYTE MEIOTIC RESUMPTION USING cAMP MODULATORS IN BOVINE IN VITRO MATURATION

Epigenetic Treatment of Persistent Viral Infections

Equine Embryo Sexing and Ultrasonographic Foetal Sexing – Interests and Applicability

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