Assisted power management of a stand-alone renewable multi-source system

Development of a powerful low­voltage DC converter for systems of electric power accumulation

“…Possibilities of using an ionistor accumulator (also called the molecular accumulator, or supercapacitor) were studied in [8]. It was not mentioned, however, that its permissible voltage for the element was also 3-4 V; therefore, it had to be combined with a connection, which would complicate the control system.…”

“…The initial conditions q 00 , 00 , q′ and 00 q′′ are taken from the final values of the previous equation 7; we find the initial conditions for the second derivative from the first equation of system (8); assuming that the current at the moment of switching is zero, we obtain the value of the second derivative as follows:…”

“…where (q c -q 02 )/C 2 is the first equation of system (8); the voltage (u k ) on the capacitor С 2 , at the moment of commencement of the switching of the key, is defined as the final value from the previous equation. The change of the voltage is caused by the change of the electromotive force (EMF) direction on the inductance at the moment of switching.…”

An improved energy management and control strategy for wind water pumping system

“…To remove the current harmonics, a filter ( L batt , R batt ) is located. Thus, an equivalent continuous models of the power electronic converters is sufficient for our study (Abdelkafi et al, 2018). Thus, the modulated voltage V mbat and the modulated current I mbat of the DC chopper are obtained as follows…”

Demand-side management strategy in stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic systems with real-time simulation of stochastic electricity consumption behavior

“…However, the problem in designing such a system remains primarily economic in nature. In order for stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems to offer satisfactory performance and reasonable energy cost, efficient energy management strategies have to be studied right from the design phase [1][2][3][4][5]. In a multisource configuration, the energy management system (EMS), whose role can be compared to an orchestra conductor, may include or not a demand response program in order to help to reinforce:…”