Assistance of metagenomics next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of adenovirus pericarditis with pericardial effusion in a child: a case report and literature review
Abstract:Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can cause infection at any age but are most common in the pediatric population, especially young children and infants, with a peak incidence in infants and children from 6 months to 5 years of age. Adenovirus infection can cause severe pneumonia, but pericarditis from adenovirus infection was rare. This article reports a case of a 2-year-old patient with pericarditis caused by adenovirus infection and a moderate pericardial effusion. We detected positive adenovirus nucleic acid in th… Show more
“…Existing evidence clearly indicates that there is a close relationship between infectious diseases and endothelial cell dysfunction. A wide spectrum of bacterial and viral pathogens and/or associated substances have been detected in human atherosclerotic plaques (Xue et al., 2021 ) or CVDs including myocarditis, endocarditis and pericarditis (Aljohani et al., 2022 ; Faraji et al., 2018 ; Lin et al., 2023 ). The infectious agents could trigger a series of biochemical and pathophysiological reactions, including increases in leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, increased vascular permeability and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction (Joffre & Hellman, 2021 ; Robles et al., 2022 ; Yang et al., 2022 ).…”
Section: Infectious Diseases and Endothelial Dysfunctionmentioning
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Studies have shown that infections especially bacteraemia and sepsis are associated with increased risks for endothelial dysfunction and related CVDs including atherosclerosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, sealed membrane‐derived structures that are released into body fluids and blood from cells and/or microbes and are critically involved in a variety of important cell functions and disease development, including intercellular communications, immune responses and inflammation. It is known that EVs‐mediated mechanism(s) is important in the development of endothelial dysfunction in infections with a diverse spectrum of microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, SARS‐CoV‐2 (the virus for COVID‐19) and Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori infection is one of the most common infections globally. During H. pylori infection, EVs can carry H. pylori components, such as lipopolysaccharide, cytotoxin‐associated gene A, or vacuolating cytotoxin A, and transfer these substances into endothelial cells, triggering inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. This review is to illustrate the important role of EVs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and the development of endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases especially H. pylori infection, and to discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical implications.
“…Existing evidence clearly indicates that there is a close relationship between infectious diseases and endothelial cell dysfunction. A wide spectrum of bacterial and viral pathogens and/or associated substances have been detected in human atherosclerotic plaques (Xue et al., 2021 ) or CVDs including myocarditis, endocarditis and pericarditis (Aljohani et al., 2022 ; Faraji et al., 2018 ; Lin et al., 2023 ). The infectious agents could trigger a series of biochemical and pathophysiological reactions, including increases in leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, increased vascular permeability and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction (Joffre & Hellman, 2021 ; Robles et al., 2022 ; Yang et al., 2022 ).…”
Section: Infectious Diseases and Endothelial Dysfunctionmentioning
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Studies have shown that infections especially bacteraemia and sepsis are associated with increased risks for endothelial dysfunction and related CVDs including atherosclerosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, sealed membrane‐derived structures that are released into body fluids and blood from cells and/or microbes and are critically involved in a variety of important cell functions and disease development, including intercellular communications, immune responses and inflammation. It is known that EVs‐mediated mechanism(s) is important in the development of endothelial dysfunction in infections with a diverse spectrum of microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, SARS‐CoV‐2 (the virus for COVID‐19) and Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori infection is one of the most common infections globally. During H. pylori infection, EVs can carry H. pylori components, such as lipopolysaccharide, cytotoxin‐associated gene A, or vacuolating cytotoxin A, and transfer these substances into endothelial cells, triggering inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. This review is to illustrate the important role of EVs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and the development of endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases especially H. pylori infection, and to discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical implications.
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