Assimilation and Remobilization of Nitrogen and Carbohydrates in Oats, Especially as Related to Groat Protein Concentration

Peterson, David M.; Youngs, V. L.; Schrader, L. E.; Smith, D. H.; Cataldo, D.A.

doi:10.4141/cjps75-002

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The negative correlation between oat protein content and yield of cultivars that occurred in all three years agrees with the findings of other workers (12,16). Our results indicate that the negative correlation occurred primarily with those cultivars having protein levels of 15.5% or higher.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Several oat breeding programs have utilized cultivars high in protein, as parents, to increase protein content (5,8,13,18). The environment in which oat cultivars are grown can account for wide fluctuations in protein content, but groups of cultivars usually rank similarly from year to year (8,12,16). Oat cultivars vary in response to applications of nitrogen fertilizer with respect to protein content (8,15,19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of maneb fungicide on seed yield and protein content of oat cultivars

Clark

Wallen

Galway

et al. 1986

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of maneb fungicide on seed yield and protein content of oat cultivars

Clark

Wallen

Galway

et al. 1986

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…However, much of the requirement for seed protein must be met from current nitrogen assimilation and photosynthesis. Less than half of the seed protein at maturity in field-grown oats could be accounted for by remobilization of nitrogen assimilated before anthesis (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long Distance Translocation of Sucrose, Serine, Leucine, Lysine, and Carbon Dioxide Assimilates

Peterson¹,

Housley²,

Schrader³

1977

Plant Physiol.

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To establish whether several amino acids were equally able to enter the phloem of oat (Avena sativa L.) plants and be transported, several 14C-labeled amino acids were applied individually to an abraded spot on a fully expanded source leaf. The base of an immature sink leaf was monitored with a GM tube for time and rate of arrival of radioactivity.Transport of '4C-sucrose and "4CO2 assimilates was measured for a comparison. The applied L-serine, L-lysine, and L-leucine, as weli as sucrose, entered the phloem and were transported to the sink leaf at rates between 1.16 and 1.83 cm/min. Transport velocity for CO2 assimilates was 1.57 cm/min. A heat girdle near the top of the source leaf sheath blocked most transport, which indicated that transport was primarnly through the phloem. Mass transfer rates for amino acids were only 3% as great as that for sucrose, suggesting different mechanisms of entry for sucrose than for amino acids into the phloem. The higher percentage of CO2 assimilates mobilized to the sink leaf was attributed to the greater surface area of minor veins accessible to loading, as compared to those compounds supplied via an abraded spot. Serine was extensively metabolized in the source leaf, and radioactive products in the sink leaf mirrored those in the source leaf. Most radioactivity of lysine and leucine remained within these compounds in the source, path, and sink tissues. We conduded that there was no barrier to entry of amino acids into the phloem and transport therein. Data do not suggest a specific mechanism for entry of amino acids into the phloem. ity in the amino acid fraction of the flag leaf blade or its sheath (Cataldo, Schrader, and Peterson, unpublished data). The possible existence of some mechanism for limiting the entry of amino acids into the transport path was suggested by this observation.There are few previous reports on amino acid transport in the phloem of gramineous species. Yamaguchi and Islam (22) applied several 14C-labeled amino acids to the first leaf of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Whole plant autoradiography after 24 hr revealed radioactivity in the expanding second leaf and the roots, which indicated probable phloem mobility. With the exception of applied valine, the translocated products were not identified. Amounts of radioactivity extracted from the bud varied among different applied amino acids, suggesting greater transport of some than of others.The objective of our experiments was to determine if several amino acids were able to enter the phloem with equal facility, and be transported from a source to a sink tissue. We applied radioactive amino acid solutions to an abraded spot on a fully expanded source leaf, and monitored an expanding sink leaf with a GM tube for the arrival of radioactivity. We selected L-serine, an amino acid which was rapidly labeled during photosynthesis in '4C02, and L-leucine and L-lysine, amino acids in which label had not been detected (Cataldo et al., unpublished data). The movement of sucrose, which is known to be...

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“…They found that the main factor determining a higher grain protein concentration in Dal appeared to be related to the decreased deposition of starch plus sugars in the groat, resulting probably from a lower supply of remobilized carbohydrates. In a study of six oat cultivars with contrasting grain protein concentrations, PETERSON et al (1975) found that the ratio of loss of total reduced N: loss of total nonstructural carbohydrates from the leaf-blades was correlated positively with groat protein concentration (r --0.825). Their results also suggested that the high protein cultivars were more efficient at remobilizing N from the vegetative tissue into the developing grain than were the low protein cultivars.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a seedling screening test for predicting relative grain protein content in oats

Holmes

Burrows

1976

Euphytica

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A vena sativa, chlorophyll content, leaf color, leaf thickness, senescence, protein breeding programs. SUMMARYGrowth room experiments were conducted to study associations of grain protein content with properties of seedling leaf sections of oats (Arena sativa L.) using (1) 10 cultivars differing genetically in grain protein, and (2) 10 populations of a single high protein cultivar (Hinoat) differing phenotypically in grain % protein. These populations, which were derived from a nitrogen fertilizer experiment, had grain protein concentrations which varied over the whole range displayed by the high and low protein cultivars when the latter were tested in a conventional field trial.Seedling leaf % protein was closely associated with grain ~ protein in both (1) and (2). Chlorophyll content per unit leaf area and leaf dry weight per unit leaf area were significantly higher in the high than in the low protein cultivars, and were significantly higher in all the Hinoat populations than in the low protein cultivars.Excised seedling leaf sections were placed on filter paper moistened with 1 ppm kinetin solution and kept in the dark at 25 °C. After 96 h chlorophyll content per unit leaf area was again significantly higher in the high protein cultivars and in all the Hinoat populations than in the low protein cultivars, and the consequent differences in leaf colour were then readily visible. Absolute amounts of chlorophyll lost per unit leaf area were similar in all cultivars and populations, but the low protein cultivars showed a greater proportional loss (as ~ of initial content). A colour scale was used to visually rate the senesced leaf sections. The visual rating allowed the rapid separation of the high and low protein cultivars, and there was no significant variation in the ratings of the Hinoat populations.

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Assimilation and Remobilization of Nitrogen and Carbohydrates in Oats, Especially as Related to Groat Protein Concentration

Abstract: SuIrs, DelE. 1975 (Fig. l, leaves) (X-1196) groat protein cultivar at intervals throughout development.later than in leaf blades (Fig. 2, stems

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of maneb fungicide on seed yield and protein content of oat cultivars

Effects of maneb fungicide on seed yield and protein content of oat cultivars

Long Distance Translocation of Sucrose, Serine, Leucine, Lysine, and Carbon Dioxide Assimilates

Development of a seedling screening test for predicting relative grain protein content in oats

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