Assimilating Aeolus Satellite Wind Data on a Regional Level: Application in a Mediterranean Cyclone Using the WRF Model

Abstract

This study uses a limited area model to improve the understanding of assimilating Aeolus Level 2B wind profiles on a regional level under severe weather conditions. Aeolus wind profile measurements have offered new insights into weather analysis and applications. The assimilation of Aeolus Level 2B winds has enhanced the observed state of the atmosphere spatially and temporally in global modeling systems. This work is focused on the development and evolution of a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone that occurred between 27–30 September 2018. Aeolus coverage had a good spatial and temporal alignment with the broader area and time periods during which the cyclone originated and developed, affording the opportunity to explore the direct influence of Aeolus satellite retrievals in model initialization processes. Using the WRF 3DVar modeling system, model results showcase the effects stemming from Aeolus data ingestion, with the main differences presenting after the first 24 h of simulation. Smaller or larger deviations in the runs with and without the Aeolus wind data assimilation are evident in most cyclonic characteristics, extending vertically up to the mid-troposphere. The absence of a consistent trend in cyclone intensification or weakening underlines the unique impact of the Aeolus dataset in each case.