Assignment of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708 and related strains with high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity to Clostridium scindens and proposal of Clostridium hylemonae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

Kitahara, Maki; Takamine, Fusae; Imamura, Teisuke; Benno, Yoshimi

doi:10.1099/00207713-50-3-971

Cited by 133 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…37,38,43 While the proximal explanation of this metabolic capacity is that the bile acid 7a/b-dehydroxylation pathway yields a net 2 electron reduction, the ultimate explanation might relate to production of a toxic, antimicrobial compound. 44,45 In addition, the fact that secondary bile acids (DCA, LCA and derivatives) are high affinity ligands to several host nuclear and G-coupled protein receptors suggests perhaps these metabolites are involved in interkingdom signaling. 19,37,38 During enterohepatic circulation, secondary bile acids are produced in the cecum and colon and returned to the liver by passive diffusion through the gut epithelium into the portal circulation.…”

Section: Production Of Deoxycholic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer

Ridlon¹,

Wolf²,

Gaskins³

2016

Gut Microbes

250

229

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide and is associated with adoption of a diet high in animal protein and saturated fat. Saturated fat induces increased bile secretion into the intestine. Increased bile secretion selects for populations of gut microbes capable of altering the bile acid pool, generating tumor-promoting secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Epidemiological evidence suggests CRC is associated with increased levels of DCA in serum, bile, and stool. Mechanisms by which secondary bile acids promote CRC are explored. Furthermore, in humans bile acid conjugation can vary by diet. Vegetarian diets favor glycine conjugation while diets high in animal protein favor taurine conjugation. Metabolism of taurine conjugated bile acids by gut microbes generates hydrogen sulfide, a genotoxic compound. Thus, taurocholic acid has the potential to stimulate intestinal bacteria capable of converting taurine and cholic acid to hydrogen sulfide and deoxycholic acid, a genotoxin and tumor-promoter, respectively.

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Section: Production Of Deoxycholic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer

Ridlon¹,

Wolf²,

Gaskins³

2016

Gut Microbes

250

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The inconsistent relation between C. scindens cell numbers and DCA levels might be because bile acid 7α-dehydroxylation in intestine depends not only on cell numbers of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria but also the enzymatic activity levels of each bacterial strain. Moreover, C. scindens is not the only bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria; at least 5 species were reported in a previous study (1,8,16,17,29).…”

Section: Quantification Of Secondary Bile Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison among Fecal Secondary Bile Acid Levels, Fecal Microbiota and Clostridium scindens Cell Numbers in Japanese

Kitahara

Sakata

Sakamoto

et al. 2004

Microbiology and Immunology

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Bile acid 7α‐dehydroxylation by intestinal bacteria, which converts cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid to deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), respectively, is an important function in the human intestine. Clostridium scindens is one of the most important bacterial species for bile acid 7α‐dehydroxylation because C. scindens has high levels of bile acid 7α‐dehydroxylating activity. We quantified C. scindens and secondary bile acids, DCA and LCA, in fecal samples from 40 healthy Japanese and investigated their correlation. Moreover, we used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis to investigate the effect of fecal microbiota on secondary bile acid levels. There was no correlation between C. scindens and secondary bile acid in fecal samples. On the other hand, T‐RFLP analysis demonstrated that fecal microbiota associated with high levels of DCA were different from those associated with low levels of DCA, and furthermore that fecal microbiota in the elderly (over 72 years) were significantly different from those in younger adults (under 55 years). These results suggest that intestinal microbiota have a stronger effect on DCA level than does the number of C. scindens cells.

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“…Recently, cluster XIVa clostridia have been detected and isolated from human faeces 12,18,28) , animal intestines 2,20,21,25,44) , termite guts 40,41) , soil 7,17,45) , and plants 26,27) using culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. However, the relationships between the phylogenetic positions and niches of those clostridia within cluster XIVa that are associated with plants and other environments remain to be resolved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inoculation examinations indicate that endophytic clostridia colonize plant tissues, alleviating the damage caused by salt stress 47) and potentially fixing nitrogen in the plant 34) . Thus, more attention should be paid to the endophytic clostridia in terms of their distribution, phylogeny, and function.Recently, cluster XIVa clostridia have been detected and isolated from human faeces 12,18,28) , animal intestines 2,20,21,25,44) , termite guts 40,41) , soil 7,17,45) , and plants 26,27) using culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. However, the relationships between the phylogenetic positions and niches of those clostridia within cluster XIVa that are associated with plants and other environments remain to be resolved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad Distribution and Phylogeny of Anaerobic Endophytes of Cluster XIVa Clostridia in Plant Species Including Crops

et al. 2008

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Endophytic clostridia present on various plants as obligate anaerobes were surveyed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis specific to the clostridial 16S rRNA gene. Endophytic clostridia were detected in 10 plant types: sugarcane, cultivated rice, corn, tobacco, soybean, bermuda grass, tall fescue, and three mangrove species. Phylogenetically, cluster XIVa clostridia were detected more frequently than cluster I clostridia in aerial parts. Isolation of clostridia from surface-sterilized sugarcane stem validated the TRFLP results. Plant-derived clostridia occupied two unique phylogenetic positions (groups I and II) within cluster XIVa. Most of cluster XIVa clostridia from other sources (e.g., human, animal, and insect intestines) were located outside these groups. Thus two unique groups of cluster XIVa clostridia are widely distributed in plants, including crops. In field-grown soybeans, TRFLP analysis revealed clostridia only in a non-nodulating mutant. Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) showed that the bacterial community in soybean shoot depended partly on the soybean nodulation genotype.Key words: Clostridium, cluster XIVa, endophyte, sugarcane, soybean Endophytes are microorganisms that can colonize living plant tissues without causing any apparent damage to the host 3,23,24,35) . Several diazotrophs have been isolated and characterized as nitrogen-fixing endophytes in plants, including Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 3,22) , Herbaspirillum spp. 9,33,38,48) , and Azoarcus sp.19,31) . Novel anaerobic endophytic clostridia and their anaerobic nitrogen-fixing consortium (ANFICO) were recently isolated and characterized in grasses during attempt to overcome a problem with culturing nitrogen-fixing microbes 26) . ANFICO consists of nitrogenfixing clostridia and diverse non-diazotrophic bacteria and expresses nitrogen-fixing activity associated with low oxygen tension and interspecies inducers 26) . Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the endophytic clostridia fell exclusively into clusters XIVa and I, as defined by Collins et al. 8) , and were further subdivided into five groups 26) . Miyamoto et al.27) developed a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) detection system specific for these clusters and groups of plant clostridia, and demonstrated that the group II clostridia in cluster XIVa 8)dominated the populations of diazotrophs and clostridia in a gramineous grass, Miscanthus sinensis. Inoculation examinations indicate that endophytic clostridia colonize plant tissues, alleviating the damage caused by salt stress 47) and potentially fixing nitrogen in the plant 34) . Thus, more attention should be paid to the endophytic clostridia in terms of their distribution, phylogeny, and function.Recently, cluster XIVa clostridia have been detected and isolated from human faeces 12,18,28) , animal intestines 2,20,21,25,44) , termite guts 40,41) , soil 7,17,45) , and plants 26,27) using culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. However, the relations...

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Assignment of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708 and related strains with high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity to Clostridium scindens and proposal of Clostridium hylemonae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.

Cited by 133 publications

References 24 publications

Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer

Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer

Comparison among Fecal Secondary Bile Acid Levels, Fecal Microbiota and Clostridium scindens Cell Numbers in Japanese

Broad Distribution and Phylogeny of Anaerobic Endophytes of Cluster XIVa Clostridia in Plant Species Including Crops

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