Assignment of "Achromobacter iophagus" Strain I.029 to Vibrio alginolyticus Chemovar iophagus

Abstract

RICHARD^Strain CIP 82.01 of Vibrio alginolyticus and strain 1.029 (previously designated "Achromobacter iophagus") were compared. Strain 1.029 produces a collagenase of high specific activity (Achrornobacter collagenase; EC 3.4.24.8). Collagenase production is induced in strain CIP 82.01 by collagen or macromolecular fragments of collagen in a manner similar to collagenase induction in strain 1.029; caseinolytic proteinase is constitutive. In this study we demonstrate that both strains also produce a constitutive extracellular endonuclease. Collagenases from both strains cleave either native collagen in its helical region or a similar synthetic peptide; both enzymes are inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetate, but not by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The collagenase subunit (molecular weight, 35,000) of strain CIP 82.01 is similar in amino acid composition to the subunit of the strain 1.029 enzyme, although some of the aspartic and threonine residues in strain CIP 82.01 are replaced by glutamic and serine residues in strain 1.029. Surface radioiodination followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that there are quantitative differences in the major outer membrane proteins of the two strains. Strains CIP 82.01 and 1.029 differ qualitatively in resistance to ampicillin and carbenicillin, in cellobiose fermentation, in ornithine decarboxylase activity, and in halophilism. We propose that strain 1.029, which was originally designated A . iophagus, be included within the species V. alginolyticus, but that this organism be distinguished from other strains of this species by the designation Vibrio alginolyticus chemovar iophagus, with the corresponding collagenase designated "iophagus collagenase" (EC 3.4.24.8).In 1973, Welton and Woods isolated and described the gram-negative aerobic bacterium Achromobacter iophagus (34). In the presence of collagen or macromolecular fragments of collagen (15), a subculture of this organism (strain 1.029) produces a collagenase having a very high specific activity (12,20). The structural and functional properties of this Achromobacter collagenase (EC 3.4.24.8), as well as the metabolism of strain 1.029, have been described in a series of papers by Woods et al. (21,26,27,29,35) and by workers in our laboratory (4,10,11,13,14,19,30).In a recent study (27), which confirmed the original observation of collagenase induction by macromolecular collagen fragments (15), Achromobacter iophagus was reclassified as a strain of Vibrio alginolyticus; however, a direct experimental comparison of strain 1.029 with a welldefined wild-type strain of V . alginolyticus has been lacking. It is well established that the other strains of the Vibrionaceae (23, 31) can be induced (by collagen and fragments of collagen) to produce collagenolytic and gelatinolytic enzymes.We undertook a comparative study to determine the differences between strain 1.029 isolated from a random selection of cured hides in South Africa (34) and a wild-type strain (strain CIP 82.01) of V . alginolyticus from a different ge...

Microbiota from Litopenaeus vannamei: digestive tract microbial community of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…In the present study, all tested strains from the L. vannamei digestive tract exhibited lipase/esterase activity, indicating that lipase/esterase production is very common in the analyzed genera. This agrees with previous studies reporting lipase/esterase production in Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas species (Emod et al 1983 ; Hada et al 1984 ; León et al 2000 ; Venkateswaran and Dohmoto 2000 ; Gómez-Gil et al 2008 ). Shrimp have low lipid requirements and consequently low lipase activity, meaning that diets containing high lipid levels (>10%) are not fully exploited by these organisms (Lista and Velásquez 2003 ).…”

Structural gene and complete amino acid sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus collagenase

“…This strain was later classified as Vibrio alginolyticus chemovar. iophagus [5]. The structure and functional properties of this Vibrio collagenase (EC 3.4.24.8) have been described in a series of papers by Keil and his colleagues [2,3,[6][7][8][9].…”